论《红楼梦》中床榻家具的礼制文化  

The Etiquette Culture of Bed Furniture in A Dream of Red Mansions

作　　者：刘颖[1] 陈祖建[1] 姚喻 LIU Ying;CHEN Zujian;YAO Yu(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院,福州350002

出　　处：《家具》2023年第3期86-90,26,共6页Furniture

基　　金：福建省林业局科技推广项目“基于大规模定制的竹编饰面家具工艺推广”(K1519109A)。

摘　　要：《红楼梦》描写了清代贵族世家的生活状态,文中人物的言行举止彰显清代社会的礼制规范。根据《红楼梦》中相关活动的场景描述,分析床榻家具的形制和特征,探究床榻家具所蕴含的行为礼制,并发现《红楼梦》著作中床榻家具“恭而守礼,长幼有序;男尊女卑,妻为妾主;规行矩步,以客为尊;等级分明,情礼交融”的传统礼制文化。理清书中床榻家具与礼制文化的关系有助于人们理解传统礼制对家具的影响,加深人们对中国传统家具礼制文化的认知。With a large number of characters and a complex hierarchy,A Dream of Red Mansions depicts the living conditions of the noble families of the Qing dynasty.The characters'words and actions are indicative of the rules of etiquette in Qing society,and there are many scenes relating to bed and couch furniture.Based on the descriptions of scenes of relevant activities in A Dream of Red Mansions,the shape and characteristics of the bed and couch furniture used by different characters were analyzed,and the rituals of behavior implied in the use of such furniture were explored.The bed and couch furniture in the writings of A Dream of Red Mansions embodies the traditional ritual culture of respectful and courteous,respect for seniority,men’s superiority over women,the wife as the mistress of the concubine;rules and regulations,guests first,distinct hierarchy,with a blend of love and courtesy.The ritual cultures are mainly reflected in the orientation of the furniture and the physical posture of the corresponding figures:in the orientation,the characteristic of honoring the east and the above is expressed,which is more often reflected in the banqueting ritual scenes,where Aunt Xue located in the eastern position of the table as a guest;in the posture of the figures,the characteristic of honoring the higher position is expressed often in the master and servant rituals,as is evident in the scene of Tanchun dressing in the Council Chamber.Clarifying the relationship between bed and couch furniture and rituals culture in the book will help people understand the influence of traditional ritual on furniture and deepen the knowledge of the ritual culture of traditional Chinese furniture and ritual culture.

关 键 词：红楼梦 床榻 座次 尊卑 礼制文化 

分 类 号：TS664[轻工技术与工程]