在认命与任性之间——《穷人》中的伦理观刍议  

Between Fatalism and Willfulness——On the Ethics in Dostoevsky’s Novel Poor Folk

作　　者：万海松[1,2] WAN Hai-song

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院外国文学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学外国语学院,北京100732

出　　处：《北方论丛》2023年第4期122-132,共11页The Northern Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“陀思妥耶夫斯基书信文本研究”(19BWW042)。

摘　　要：陀思妥耶夫斯基的书信体小说《穷人》通过男女主人公的通信和笔记等,展现处于俄国社会底层的小人物们的通常的伦理观。他们既不同程度地相信上帝、认同命运的安排,又不免会偶尔质问上帝、控诉命运、反抗社会不公。小说用“自由思想”这个关键词以及近似的表述,形象地描绘了城市穷人在认命和任性之间徘徊与挣扎的伦理常态。《穷人》呼唤爱和自由,反对冷漠和隔绝等,而这也是陀思妥耶夫斯基早期朴素的伦理思想的体现。《穷人》的伦理观具有特定的悖论性,是作家个人因素和时代影响相叠加所致。Dostoevsky’s epistolary novel Poor Folk showcases the common ethical views of underprivileged groups at the bottom of Russian society through communication and notes between the male and female heroes.They not only believe in God to varying degrees and agree with the arrangement of destiny,but also occasionally question God,accuse fate,and resist social injustice.The novel vividly depicts the ethical norm of urban poor people which is wandering and struggling between fatalism and willfulness,using the keyword“liberal thought”and similar expressions.The novel Poor Folk calls for love and freedom,opposes indifference and isolation,etc.,that is a literal reflection of Dostoevsky’s early simple ethical ideas.There some specific paradoxes of the ethics in novel Poor Folk,which are caused by the author’s personal factors and the influence of his times.

关 键 词：陀思妥耶夫斯基 《穷人》 伦理观 命定论 “自由思想” 

分 类 号：I512.074[文学—其他各国文学]