马王堆汉墓帛书《五十二病方》校读拾遗  

New Exegeses on the Fifty-Two Remedies(Wushier Bingfang),a Silk Manuscript Excavated from a Han Dynasty Tomb at Mawangdui

作　　者：刘思亮 LIU Siliang(School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2023年第1期23-33,共11页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”规划项目“出土文献学科建设与中国古典学的当代转型”(项目编号:G2607);国家社会科学基金后期资助“山海经传校理”(项目编号:21FZSB039)。

摘　　要：马王堆汉墓帛书《五十二病方》是我国最早的汉医验方书。该书载有283个医方,其中几则方子仍有探讨余地,甚至需要借助巫术思维予以解读。“狂犬啮人”方中所谓“恒石”即“常石”,亦即普通石头,取两石相磨而疗狂犬所啮,是以石屑像犬牙之粉为治;“()”方中“毋敢上下”,是早期古人对蝎毒之类毒性善走的朴素认识;“肿囊”方中“酸浆”非本草“酸浆”,乃是古人饮品溲浆;“疣”方中“■楬”即“翦■”,为随手翦取的道旁荏属植物。Several of the prescriptions in the Wushier Bingfang(五十二病方,Fifty-two Remedies),a silk manuscript found in a Han dynasty tomb at Mawangdui,can be better interpreted by means of witchcraft.For instance,in line 56,the so-called hengshi(恒石)in the“rabid dog bite”formula is changshi(常石),that is,common stone.Grinding common stones together to treat rabies is in imitation of the symptom of grinding teeth common with rabies,as is treating it with powdered stone chips shaped like dog teeth.In line 84,the“don t dare to look up and down”in the“chai()formula”,refers to commanding the scorpion venom not to spread,and reflects a simple understanding by ancient peoples of the rapid spread of the venom through the body.In line 193-194 of the zhongnang(肿囊)prescription,suanjiang(酸浆)is not the materia medica suanjiang,but an ancient drink suanjiang.In line 109-110 of the you(疣)prescription,jianjie(■楬)means jianhai(翦■),picking random plants from the side of the road,and so forth.

关 键 词：马王堆 《五十二病方》 恒石 酸浆 ■楬 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]