轨道车辆永磁牵引电动机控制技术综述  

Review on Control Technology of Permanent Magnet Traction Motor for Railway Vehicles

作　　者：孙振耀 马光同[1] 徐帅 张晗[2] 任冠州 SUN Zhenyao;MA Guangtong;XU Shuai;ZHANG Han;REN Guanzhou(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学电气工程学院,四川成都611756

出　　处：《铁道学报》2023年第6期26-40,共15页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52107059,U21A20168);中国博士后科学基金(2020M673282);四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1898)。

摘　　要：永磁同步电动机由于具有高效率、高功率密度、启动特性好、加速能力强及噪声低等优点,在轨道交通领域得到广泛关注,具有广阔的应用前景。针对轨道车辆永磁牵引传动系统的驱动变流器拓扑和控制技术两方面展开综述。概述永磁牵引电动机变流器拓扑及其调制策略的研究现状,分析基于两电平拓扑和三电平拓扑牵引变流器的优缺点;综述碳化硅电力电子器件在轨道车辆牵引变流系统的优势和应用现状;对永磁牵引电动机的矢量控制、直接转矩控制及模型预测控制等方法进行总结与分析;针对轨道车辆的应用特点,阐述现有永磁牵引电动机弱磁控制和无位置传感器控制方法的研究现状。最后,对永磁牵引电动机控制技术的发展趋势进行展望。The permanent magnet synchronous motor has received wide attention in the rail transit field with a broad application prospect due to its advantages of high efficiency,high power density,good starting characteristics,strong acceleration ability and low noise.Aiming at the traction systems with permanent magnet synchronous motor for railway vehicles,this paper mainly reviewed the topologies of the traction converter and the control techniques.Firstly,the state of art of the converter topologies and their modulation strategies of the permanent magnet traction motor were studied,where the advantages and disadvantages between two-level converter topology and three-level converter topology were analyzed,followed by a review of the superiorities and application status of the converters based on SiC semiconductor switches in rail vehicles.Next,the vector control,direct torque control and model predictive control for permanent magnet synchronous motor were summarized and analyzed.Moreover,the research state of the existing field weakening control methods and sensorless control methods was discussed according to the characteristics of the application for railway vehicles.Finally,the development trend of the technologies of permanent magnet traction motor was prospected.

关 键 词：轨道车辆 永磁同步电动机 牵引变流器 多电平拓扑 电机控制 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机] U262.42[机械工程—车辆工程]