汉语时体标记“了”“着”的语义演变方向  

On the Direction of Tense-aspect Markers Le and Zhe in Semantic Change

作　　者：梁银峰[1] Liang Yinfeng

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中国语言文学系,上海200433

出　　处：《南京师范大学文学院学报》2023年第2期12-21,共10页Journal of School of Chinese Language and Culture Nanjing Normal University

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“言语互动视角下古汉语语气词的功能、运用及相关演变研究”(2022BYY002)。

摘　　要：汉语时体标记“了”“着”的语义演变方向问题至今尚未得到完全解决。关于时体标记“了”的语义演变方向,主要涉及“完毕”义动词“了”、完成体标记“了1”和完成体标记“了2”三者之间的关系以及完成体标记“了1”和完成体标记“了2”是否会进一步发展为完整体标记;关于时体标记“着”的语义演变方向,主要涉及“附着、放置”义动词“着”和表持续的“着”、表进行的“着”三者之间的关系,尤其是后两者之间是否存在演变关系。汉语史的事实表明,“完毕”义动词“了”虚化为完成体标记“了1”以后进而发展为完整体标记,“完毕”义动词“了”虚化为完成体标记“了2”,但汉语中尚无充足的证据表明完成体标记“了2”可以进一步发展为完整体标记。“附着、放置”义的动词“著”同时虚化为持续体标记“着”和进行体标记“着”,但没有充足的证据表明后两者之间存在演变关系。This paper treats the problems of tense-aspect markers Le and Zhe in Chinese Language.The direction of tense-aspect markers Le concerns the relation of the verb Liao(了)to the perfect aspect marker Le(了1)and the perfect aspect marker Le(了2),and whether the latter two can evolve into the perfective aspect marker.The direction of tense-aspect markers Zhe concerns the relation of the verb Zhu(著)to the continuous aspect marker Zhe and the progressive aspect marker Zhe,especially the relation of the continuous aspect marker Zhe to the progressive aspect marker Zhe.This paper argues that the verb Liao(了)evolved into the perfect aspect marker Le(了1),and then the latter evolved into perfective aspect marker in Chinese history;the verb Liao(了)evolved into the perfect aspect marker Le(了2).However,it is not likely that the perfect aspect marker+(了2)can evolve into the perfective aspect marker.This paper argues that also the verb Zhu(著)developed into simultaneously the continuous aspect marker Zhe and the progressive aspect marker Zhe,it is not likely that the continuous aspect marker Zhe and the progressive aspect marker Zhe are related to each other.

关 键 词：了 着 完成体标记 完整体标记 持续体标记 进行体标记 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]