福建土楼聚落的伦理功能与人文空间重构  

The Ethical Function of Fujian Tulou Settlements and the Reconstruction of Cultural

作　　者：潘海鸿 张兵华 彭琳[1,3] Pan Haihong;Zhang Binghua;Peng Lin

机构地区：[1]福州大学建筑与城乡规划学院 [2]福州大学古建筑保护福建省高校工程研究中心 [3]福州大学福州市城乡空间规划行业技术创新中心

出　　处：《华中建筑》2023年第7期149-153,共5页Huazhong Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“传统村落公共空间的图式语言分析方法及设计应用——以闽江流域为例”(编号:52208013);福建省自然科学基金资助项目“永泰庄寨多尺度住居环境营建体系及优化方法研究”(编号:2022J05126)。

摘　　要：土楼作为福建防御性乡土建筑的典范,其原型形成受集体无意识深层心理结构和外部环境风险应激的双重影响,以几何原型和群体组合方式体现地域精神气质。土楼聚落的空间布局以人文为导向,将传统山水生态智慧、人文思维范式和血缘伦理秩序渗透其中。以南靖土楼群为例,其乡土伦理功能,体现在聚落选址与空间肌理反映出的自然山水环境与人文空间的融合,以及群体布局渗透着传统五行礼制“思想律”和氏族血缘秩序。此外,水平或竖向上的空间路径将聚落内部和外部不同类型的人文空间串联,感知多样的空间体验。针对当前土楼空心化和商业化导致人文空间凋敝的趋势,分别从历史、现实和整体三个维度,对土楼聚落人文空间秩序进行重构以适应当代发展。Tulou is influenced by the deep psychological structure of collective unconsciousness and the environment stress of external risk,which as the model of defensive vernacular architecture in Fujian.And it reflects the regional spiritual disposition in geometric archetype and group combination mode.The spatial layout of Tulou settlements is humanity-oriented,which is permeated with traditional landscape ecological wisdom,humanistic thinking paradigm and the ethical order of blood relationship.Taking Nanjing Tulou Groups as an example,on the one hand,the function of local ethics is reflected in the site and space texture of settlement,which reflects the integration of natural landscape environment and cultural space;on the other hand,the group layout of Tulou reflects the"thought law"of five elements and the traditional order of consanguinity.In addition,horizontal or vertical spatial paths connect different types of cultural spaces inside and outside the settlements,giving people a variety of spatial perception and experience.In view of the current trend that the hollow phenomenon and commercialization of Tulou lead to the withering of cultural space.The order of Tulou settlements cultural space is reconstructed from three dimensions of the history,reality and entirety to adapt to the current development.

关 键 词：地域性 原型 伦理功能 人文空间 南靖土楼群 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]