重庆秀山巨丰堰灌溉工程遗产及其价值研究  

Study on Jufeng Weir Heritage Irrigation Structure in Xiushan County of Chongqing City and Its Heritage Values

作　　者：王丽娟[1,2] 李云鹏 龙祖华[4] 朱云枫 唐永弟 张伟兵[1,2,3] WANG Lijuan;LI Yunpeng;LONG Zuhua;ZHU Yunfeng;TANG Yongdi;ZHANG Weibing(Water History Department/Key Laboratory of Water Heritage Protection,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Key Scientific Research Base of Water Heritage Protection and Research,State Administration of Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100038,China;Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction,Beijing 100038,China;Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County,Chongqing 409900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水利史研究所/水利遗产保护重点实验室,北京100038 [2]水利遗产保护与研究国家文物局重点科研基地,北京100038 [3]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心(水旱灾害防御中心),北京100038 [4]秀山土家族苗族自治县水利局,重庆409900

出　　处：《自然与文化遗产研究》2023年第3期21-27,共7页Study on Natural and Cultural Heritage

基　　金：国家文物局重点科研基地项目(2020ZCK207);中国水科院科研专项(JZ0199B212019,WH0145B042021,WE0145B042021)。

摘　　要：巨丰堰是重庆丘陵山区极具代表性的古代灌溉工程,位于秀山土家族苗族自治县、长江支流沅江流域,始建于清乾隆三十二年(1767年)。文章结合清前期西南地区“改土归流”政策的实施分析了巨丰堰灌溉工程创建的历史背景及创建过程、工程体系沿革脉络,认为以三拱桥、五拱桥渡槽的建成为标志,至晚至道光时期其现状灌区格局已初步确定、工程体系基本完善;基于工程体系特点和现状建立了灌溉工程遗产构成体系,认为现存的三拱桥渡槽是最能代表巨丰堰丘陵山区灌溉“立体化”工程技术特点的核心历史遗存;结合世界灌溉工程遗产申报标准和相关研究,系统评估了遗产价值,认为巨丰堰灌溉工程遗产见证了秀山地区“改土归流”后农业经济发展和民族融合的历史进程,是丘陵山区灌溉工程体系的典型代表,具有突出的历史、文化、科技价值。Jufeng weir is a representative ancient irrigation project in the hilly and mountainous areas of Chongqing.It is located in Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County and Yuanjiang River Basin,a tributary of the Yangtze River,built in the 32nd year of Emperor Qianlong(1767).Based on the implementation of the“bureaucratization of native officers”policy in southwest China in the early Qing Dynasty,this paper analyzes the historical background,the process of establishment and the evolution of the engineering system of Jufeng weir irrigation project,and determined that the current irrigation pattern and the engineering system have been preliminarily established and improved by the end of Daoguang period(1782—1850),marked by the completion of the three-arch aqueduct and five-arch aqueduct.The components of the heritage irrigation structure is established based on the characteristics and present condition of the engineering system,and it is considered that the existing three-arch aqueduct is the core historical component that best represents the technical characteristics of the“threedimensional”irrigation engineering feat in the hilly and mountainous areas of Jufeng weir.Based on the nomination standards of World Heritage Irrigation Structures and related research,the heritage value was systematically evaluated,and it was considered that the Jufeng weir irrigation heritage witnessed the historical process of agricultural economic development and national integration in Xiushan area after the bureaucratization of native officers,and is a typical representative of the irrigation project system in hilly and mountainous areas with outstanding historical,cultural and scientific values.

关 键 词：灌溉工程遗产 巨丰堰 水利遗产 水文化 永丰堰 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]