3种固化无土基质的水肥保持效果及对立体绿化植物扦插和生长的影响  

Water and Fertilizer Retention Effect of Three Solidified Soilless Substrates to Vertical Greening Cultivation

作　　者：龙欣 范楚琪 房林 吴坤林[2] 李琳[2] 王田意 曹琪聪 黄玉源[1] 曾宋君[2,4] LONG Xin;FAN Chuqi;FANG Lin;WU Kunlin;LI Lin;WANG Tianyi;CAO Qicong;HUANG Yuyuan;ZENG Songjun(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou,Guang-dong 510225,China;Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510650,China;Guangdong Weisheng Ecological En-vironment Construction Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 511404,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510650,China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院,广东广州510225 [2]中国科学院华南植物园华南农业植物分子分析与遗传改良重点实验室,广东广州510650 [3]广东伟晟生态环境建设有限公司,广东广州511404 [4]中国科学院华南植物园广东省应用植物学重点实验室,广东广州510650

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第6期1170-1179,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(No.2022B1111040003)。

摘　　要：立体绿化是一种利用新型基质在构筑物立面和垂直面上种植植物的技术,现已广泛应用于城市多种场景中。立体绿化基质性能对立体绿化栽培具有基础性研究意义,基质的水肥保持效应是决定立体绿化种植植物能否成活及生长发育是否良好的关键因素。固化无土基质是人工利用废弃物加工生产的栽培材料,具有干净卫生、性质稳定、栽培性能好等优点,是立体绿化栽培的理想材料。以目前常应用于立体绿化的垒土、保浮科乐、国产炭棉3种固化无土基质为材料,选择泥炭土作为对照,比较它们的理化性质、保水性、保肥性等,研究其作盆栽基质时对植物扦插和生长的影响,进一步筛选出更适合立体绿化应用的固化无土基质。研究结果表明:(1)垒土的容重小,持水和保水能力较强,相比其他2种基质在立体绿化上有优势,但3种基质的透气性均较差,需要在种植过程中保持植株间空隙以弥补不足;(2)垒土和保浮科乐pH更适合植物生长,3种基质有机质含量、含氮量均高于自然土壤,但磷、钾含量较低,需要在种植过程中施磷、钾肥以保持水肥平衡;(3)3种基质在淋溶实验中氮磷淋失率低,几乎不会对水体造成富营养化而影响环境,其中垒土淋失量最少,国产炭棉相对较高;(4)3种基质对植株的固化定型结果均达到实验预期,比传统基质泥炭土有显著优势。扦插实验结果表明,胭脂云锦竹草在垒土中扦插的枝条根系发育良好、植株茂密、不徒长,是最为理想的立体绿化基质材料。Vertical greening is a technology that uses a new substrate to plant plants on the structure facade and vertical surface,which has been widely used in various urban scenarios.The performance of vertical greening substrate has fundamental research significance for three-dimensional greening cultivation.The effect of water and fertilizer maintenance effect of the substrate is the key factor to determine whether the vertical greening planting plants can survive and grow well.Curing soilless matrix is a cultivation material processed by artificial waste.It has the advantages of clean hygiene,stable nature and good cultivation performance.It is an ideal material for vertical greening cultivation.Retention effect of water and fertilizer is the key factor to determine whether survival and growth of plants in vertical green-ing,this study was based on the three types of solidified soil-free substrates,which are currently commonly used in vertical greening,including the soilless substrate‘Lei Tu’,the Japan solid soilless substrate‘Pafcal’and the domestic solid soilless substrate‘Tan Mian’.Peat soil was selected as the control.The physical and chemical properties,retention of water and fertility were compared,and the potted experiment was executed to verify the effect on cuttage and griwth of plants.The‘Lei Tu’bulk density was small and the water holding capacity was strong,which had advantages over the other two substrates,but the air permeability of the three substrates was poor,so it needed to keep the plant gap in the planting process.The pH value of the‘Lei Tu’and the‘Pafcal’was more suitable for plant growth.The organic matter content and nitrogen content of the three substrates were higher than the natural soil.The concentration of nitrogen and phosphate loss of the three substrates in soluble experiments was extremely low,which would hardly cause the water body to be nutritious and affect the environment.The results of the three types of matrix solidification had reached experimental expecta

关 键 词：立体绿化 种植基质 保水性 保肥性 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]