发酵饲料对日本沼虾生长性能、抗氧化能力及肠道微生物的影响  

FERMENTED FEED ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE,ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND INTESTINAL MICROORGANISMS OF MACROBRACHIUM NIPPONENSE

作　　者：李正中 刘波[1,2,3] 刘志桦 孙存鑫 周群兰[2] 郑肖川 孙梅 高亮 LI Zheng-Zhong;LIU Bo;LIU Zhi-Hua;SUN Cun-Xin;ZHOU Qun-Lan;ZHENG Xiao-Chuan;SUN Mei;GAO Liang(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Untilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Wuxi Fisheries College of Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214128,China;Jiangsu Suwei Microorganism Research Co.,Ltd,Wuxi 214063,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,无锡214081 [3]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,无锡214128 [4]江苏省苏微微生物研究有限公司,无锡214063

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第9期1435-1445,共11页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2022XT0401和2020TD59);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-48);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(JATS[2022]514);无锡市现代农业前瞻性及共性关键技术类项目(N20203007)资助。

摘　　要：为探究发酵饲料在日本沼虾中的养殖效果,设计5个试验组,分别投喂L1(100%基础饲料组)、L2(87.5%基础饲料+12.5%发酵饲料)、L3(75%基础饲料+25%发酵饲料)、L4(50%基础饲料+50%发酵饲料)和L5(100%发酵饲料)。试验选取大小相近的日本沼虾(0.09±0.01)g进行为期56d的养殖试验,评估日本沼虾生长性能,抗氧化指标和肠道微生物组成。结果显示,饲料经过发酵后可溶蛋白和小肽含量得到显著提高(P<0.05),饲料有益菌含量增加,霉菌得到抑制。养殖试验表明各组存活率均在80%以上,增重率呈先上升后下降趋势,L3和L4组增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饵料系数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。L3、L4和L5组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于L1组(P<0.05),L2、L3和L4组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于L1组(P<0.05),L2和L5超氧阴离子清除率显著高于L1组(P<0.05)。各试验组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。肠道微生物测序结果显示,L3组α-多样性指数高于L1组,在属水平上,L1组的气单胞菌属丰度显著高于L3组(P<0.05),而L1组分歧杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属丰度显著低于组L3组(P<0.05)。结果表明,发酵饲料能够增加饲料中营养物质含量,提高日本沼虾增重率,降低饵料系数,增强抗氧化能力,可以改善日本沼虾肠道微生物群落结构,对致病菌属有抑制作用,适宜的发酵饲料添加比例为25%。In order to explore the effects of fermented feed on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and intestinal microorganisms of Macrobrachium nipponense,five experimental groups were designed as follow:L1 group(100%basal feed),L2 group(87.5%basal feed+12.5%fermented feed),L3 group(75%basal feed+25%fermented feed),L4 group(50%basal feed+50%fermented feed)and L5 group(100%fermented feed).M.nipponense of(0.09±0.01)g with similar size was selected for 56d culture experiment.The results showed that the contents of soluble protein and small peptide in the compound feed were significantly increased after feed fermentation(P<0.05),the number of beneficial bacteria was significantly increased,and the number of mold was inhibited after feed fermentation.The results of culture experiment showed that the survival rate of all groups was above 80%,and there was no significant difference(P>0.05).The weight gain rate was increased first and then decreased.The weight gain rate of L3 and L4 group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio of L3 group was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).The SOD activity of L3,L4 and L5 groups was significantly higher than that of L1 group(P<0.05),the MDA content of L2,L3 and L4 groups was significantly lower than that of L1 group(P<0.05),the superoxide anion clearance rate of L2 and L5 was significantly higher than L1 group(P<0.05),and the superoxide anion clearance rate of L4 group was significantly lower than that of L1 group(P<0.05).The contents of serum ALT,AST and ALB were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05),and the content of RUEA in L1 and L2 groups was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).GLU content in L2,L3 and L4 groups was significantly higher than that of L1 group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the contents of total triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC)and total protein(TP)among all groups(P>0.05).The intestinal microbial results showed that the OTU number,Ob

关 键 词：发酵饲料 生长性能 抗氧化能力 肠道微生物 日本沼虾 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]