1999年与2021年住院精神分裂症患者受歧视体验变化  

Experience of discrimination among patients with schizophrenia in the past 20 years:1999-2021

作　　者：白璐源 范宁[2] 李丽[3] 高士元[3] 梁伟业[1] Bai Luyuan;Fan Ning;Li Li;Gao Shiyuan;Liang Weiye(Department of Medical Afair,Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital,Hui Long Guan School of Medicine,Peking University,Bejing 100096,China;Department of Geriatrics,Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital,Bejing 100096,China;Department Ⅵ of Clinical Science,Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital,Hui Long Guan School of Medicine,Peking University,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]北京回龙观医院医务处、北京大学回龙观临床医学院,100096 [2]北京回龙观医院老年科、北京大学回龙观临床医学院,100096 [3]北京回龙观医院临床六科、北京大学回龙观临床医学院,100096

出　　处：《神经疾病与精神卫生》2023年第6期434-438,共5页Journal of Neuroscience and Mental Health

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z191100006619020)。

摘　　要：目的探讨2021年较1999年精神分裂症患者遭遇的歧视状况以及歧视对患者影响的变化。方法采用方便抽样法,分别选取1999年8—9月、2021年8—9月在北京回龙观医院住院的136例、146例缓解期精神分裂症患者为研究对象。采用精神障碍歧视态度及经历调查问卷调查患者的受歧视状况及相关态度。结果2021年患者在精神障碍歧视态度及经历调查问卷中对精神障碍患者及家属的歧视分量表的得分为(62.67±11.70)分,低于1999年的(66.88±7.61)分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.361,P<0.01)。1999年在“社会对精神病患者的歧视最近20年明显减少”“社会的歧视经常导致家属将精神病患者的事保密”“单位(学校)对精神病患者是公正的”3个条目中回答“同意”或“非常同意”的患者分别占63.97%(87/136)、63.97%(87/136)、36.02%(49/136),低于2021年的71.91%(105/146)、78.08%(114/146)、63.70%(93/146),差异有统计学意义(Z=5.644、2.541、4.617;P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者受到歧视的状况较20年前有所改善,但歧视对精神分裂症患者的心理及社会生活仍有明显影响,改善对精神障碍的歧视问题任重而道远。Objective To explore the changes in discrimination and related attitudes of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia patients from 1999 to 2021.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,136 patients with remission stage schizophrenia from August to September in 1999 and 146 patients from August to September in 2021 were selected to investigate their discrimination status and related attitudes using mental disability discrimination attitudes and experiences questionnaire.Results In 2021,the scores of the discrimination against patients with mental disorders and their families subscale in mental disability discrimination attitudes and experiences questionnaire were(62.67±11.70)among patients with schizophrenia,lower than(66.88±7.61)in 1999,and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.361,P<0.01).In 1999,the percentage of patients who answered"agree"or"strongly agree"to"social discrimination against people with mental illness has decreased significantly in the last 20 years""social discrimination often leads families to keep the mentally ill a secret"and"the unit(school)is fair to the mentally ill"was 63.97%(87/136)、63.97%(87/136)、36.02%(49/136),respectively,which is lower than that of 71.91%(105/146)、78.08%(114/146)、63.70%(93/146)in 2021,with statistically significant differences(Z=5.644,2.541 and 4.617;P<0.05).Conclusions The situation of discrimination against schizophrenia patients has improved compared to 20 years ago,but discrimination still has a significant impact on the psychological and social life of schizophrenia patients.There is still a long way to go to improve the problem of discrimination against mental disorders.

关 键 词：精神分裂症 歧视 态度 

分 类 号：R749.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]