合成生物学科技风险的管理与规制:国际防范逻辑与中国应对策略  

Management and Regulation of Scientific and Technological Risks in Synthetic Biology:International Preventive Logic and China's Response Strategy

作　　者：朱菊隐 展进涛[1] Zhu Juyin;Zhan Jintao(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2023年第10期36-42,共7页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“构建促进农业科技自主创新的协同网络体系与政策工具研究”(21AZD007);国家自然科学基金面上项目“异质性视角下农业重大病虫害协同防治的同群效应及干预机制研究”(72073069)。

摘　　要：中国在合成生物学领域起步较晚但发展迅速,亟须尽快构建适合中国实际的合成生物学的科技伦理治理体系和制度框架,并为全球贡献中国方案。研究欧美等主要国家和地区关于合成生物学科技伦理治理的策动要素、具体路径及管理机制,探讨国际生物安全背景下中国的治理机制。研究显示,合成生物学的科技伦理问题主要涉及人类社会、农业、军事和经济等领域的伦理问题,欧美等主要发达国家和地区的治理策略主要包括完善协调、决策和咨询机制,强化行政规制和科学评估与风险防控机制,建立严格的惩治机制,加大基础研究资金支持,重视科研人员自律机制的建立以及强调公众参与等。根据发达国家和地区合成生物学科技伦理治理经验,提出中国应建立健全新兴生物科技伦理的法治化体系,同时建立涵盖风险监测、评估和预警全过程全环节的风险管理机制,对科技伦理进行常态化和长效性治理。China has started late but developed rapidly in the field of synthetic biology,and it is urgent to build a system and institutional framework for the ethical governance of synthetic biology that is suitable for China's reality,and to contribute Chinese solutions to the world.This paper examines the elements,specific paths and management mechanisms of ethics of science and technology governance in synthetic biology in major countries and regions such as Europe and the United States,and explores the governance mechanisms in China in the context of international biosafety.It shows that the ethics of science and technology in synthetic biology mainly involves ethical issues in human society,agriculture,military and economy,etc.,the governance strategies of major developed countries and regions in Europe and America mainly include improving coordination,decision-making and consultation mechanisms,strengthening administrative regulation and scientific assessment and risk prevention and control mechanisms,establishing strict punishment mechanisms,increasing financial support for basic research,attaching importance to the establishment of self-regulatory mechanisms for researchers and emphasize public participation.Based on the experience of synthetic biology science and technology ethics governance in developed countries and regions,it proposes that China should establish a sound system of rule of law for emerging biotechnology ethics,and at the same time,establish a risk management mechanism covering the whole process of risk monitoring,assessment and early warning,so as to carry out normalized and long-term governance of science and technology ethics.

关 键 词：合成生物学 科技伦理 风险防范 科技风险管理 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学] F204[经济管理—国民经济] G301