文学与共同体建制——从后马克思主义理论家对巴特比的解读谈起  

Literature and Formation of Community:On the Interpretation of Bartleby by Post⁃Marxist Theorists

作　　者：周静[1] ZHOU Jing(School of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610064,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2023年第7期101-108,共8页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：梅尔维尔塑造的“巴特比”这一人物形象,以资本主义反抗者的面貌在文学舞台和现实运动中频频登场,引发了后马克思主义理论家们层出不穷的阐释。爱德曼、阿甘本从解构性路径出发,将巴特比视为作为游走于共同体边缘的绝对他者,通过抵制被共同体收编的可能实现了彻底的反抗。奈格里、哈特和齐泽克则遵循建构性路径,将巴特比视为革命主体的未完成状态,只有自觉的联合共同体才能实现反抗资本主义的历史任务。在这两极之外,朗西埃的“感性共同体”提供了一种平衡个体与总体、建构与解构的方案,通过书写扰乱共同体既定的感性分配秩序,在感性体制更新的过程中对主体进行政治化,建构一个流动的、平等的、众声喧哗的共同体。Bartleby in Melville’s novel is constructed as a rebel against capitalism and appeared frequently in the literary stage and political movements,which triggered the endless interpretation by post-Marxist theorists.From the deconstructive perspective,Edelman and Agamben regard Bartleby as the absolute other walking on the edge of the community,and realize the complete resistance by resisting the possibility of being included in the community.Negri,Hart andŽižek follow the constructive path and regard Bartleby as the unfinished state of the revolutionary subject,and only a conscious united community can realize the historical task of fighting against capitalism.Beyond these two poles,“sensible community”of Rancière provides a scheme to balance the relationship of individual and the whole,as well as construction and deconstruction.Through writing,it disturbs the established sensible distribution order of the community.It politicizes the subject in the process of updating the sensible system and constructs a flowing,equal and multi-voice community.

关 键 词：抄写员巴特比——一个华尔街的故事 共同体 朗西埃 感性的分配 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]