垄沟种植对旱地玉-麦轮作体系生产力和土壤硝态氮累积量的影响  

Effects of Ridge and Furrow Planting Patterns on Crop Productivity and Soil Nitrate-N Accumulation in Dryland Summer Maize and Winter Wheat Rotation System

作　　者：吴金芝[1] 黄修利 侯园泉 田文仲 李俊红 张洁[2,3] 李芳 吕军杰[2,3] 姚宇卿 付国占[1] 黄明 李友军 WU JinZhi;HUANG XiuLi;HOU YuanQuan;TIAN WenZhong;LI JunHong;ZHANG Jie;LI Fang;LÜJunJie;YAO YuQing;FU GuoZhan;HUANG Ming;LI YouJun(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,Henan;Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang 471023,Henan;Luoyang Dryland Agriculture Test Site,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Luoyang 471023,Henan)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]洛阳农林科学院,河南洛阳471023 [3]中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第11期2078-2091,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300400,2018YFD0300700);河南省旱地绿色智慧农业特色骨干学科群建设项目(17100001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同垄沟种植模式对旱地玉-麦轮作体系作物生产力、土壤性状及土壤硝态氮累积量的影响,为改善旱地土壤肥力,提高作物产量和效率,降低环境风险提供科学依据。【方法】基于中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地始于2004年的长期定位试验,设置6行固定道垄沟种植(6RPRF)、6行每年起垄垄沟种植(6REYRF)、4行固定道垄沟种植(4RPRF)、4行每年起垄垄沟种植(4REYRF)和传统平作(CF)5个处理,分析了2015—2021年度玉米、小麦及其周年的产量、水分利用效率,2020年玉米收获期0—40 cm不同土层的容重、养分含量和酶活性,以及2019—2020年度小麦收获期0—380 cm土层土壤硝态氮累积量。【结果】与CF相比,4种垄沟种植下玉米、小麦、周年的6年平均产量分别显著提高8.6%—32.1%、12.5%—25.6%、11.3%—29.6%,水分利用效率分别显著提高8.6%—31.4%、12.5%—31.1%、12.8%—30.3%;0—5 cm和20—40cm土层的容重分别显著降低7.3%—11.3%和4.9%—11.5%;0—40 cm土层平均有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量及脲酶活性分别提高6.0%—19.8%、80.8%—100.0%、28.5%—80.9%、58.5%—141.2%和24.0%—46.9%,0—100 cm土层的硝态氮累积量显著提高38.8%—116.0%,其中,总体以4RPRF处理效果最优,其还可以在硝态氮累积量总量维持在CF水平的同时使0—100cm土层显著提高38.8%、200—380 cm土层显著降低15.0%,具有提高根层、降低深层土壤硝态氮累积量的作用。固定道垄作模式(PRF)与每年起垄模式(EYRF)相比,玉米和周年的6年平均产量分别显著提高10.6%和9.1%,垄面种植6行模式(6R)下玉米、垄面种植4行模式(4R)下小麦和周年的6年平均水分利用效率分别显著提高21.1%、15.2%和8.2%,土壤养分含量表层提高、下层降低,0—380 cm土层的硝态氮累积量显著降低4.9%—30.2%。4行模式较6行模式,玉米和周年的6年平均产量分别显著提高9.9%和6.8%,EYRF下玉米、PRE【Objective】The aim of the present study was to discuss the effects of different ridge and furrow planting patterns on crop productivity,soil properties and soil nitrate-N accumulation,and thus provided a scientific basis for improving soil fertility,increasing crop yield and water use efficiency,and alleviating environmental risks in summer maize-winter wheat rotation system(namely maize-wheat)in dryland.【Method】A study was carried out at the Luoyang Dry Farming Experimental of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences based on the long-term field experiment initiated in 2004.The experiment included five treatments:permanent ridge and furrow and 6 row wheat planted in ridge(6RPRF),ridge and furrow in each year and other managements kept with 6RPRE(6REYRF),permanent ridge and furrow and 4 row wheat planted in ridge(4RPRF),ridge and furrow in each year and other managements kept with 4RPRF(4REYRF),and conventional flat planting pattern according to the local farmer(CF).The effects of different treatments on the grain yield,water use efficiency of summer maize,winter wheat and the annual in 2015-2021,and the bulk density,nutrient content and enzyme activity in the 0-40 cm soil layer at harvest of summer maize in 2020,and the nitrate-N accumulation in the 0-380 cm soil profile at harvest of winter wheat in 2019-2020 was investigated.【Result】Compared with CF,the four ridge and furrow planting patterns improved grain yield in summer maize,winter wheat,and all year by 8.6%-32.1%,12.5%-25.6%,and 11.3%-29.6%,respectively,and water use efficiency by 8.6%-31.4%,12.5%-31.1%and 12.8%-30.3%,respectively,averaged across the 6 experimental years from 2015 to 2021.They also significantly decreased the soil bulk density by 7.3%-11.3%in 0-5 cm soil layer and by 4.9%-11.5%in 20-40 cm soil layer,respectively,increased the average content of organic matter by 6.0%-19.8%,total nitrogen by 80.8%-100.0%,available phosphors by 28.5%-80.9%,available potassium by 58.5%-141.2%,urease activity by 24.0%-46.9%in 0-40 cm soil laye

关 键 词：垄沟种植 旱地 玉-麦轮作 土壤性状 产量 水分利用效率 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.11