基本公共教育服务均等化的助学与增收效应——基于“两免一补”政策的经验证据  

THE SCHOOLING AND INCOME EFFECT OF THE EQUALIZATION OF BASIC PUBLIC SERVICES——Evidence from the“Two Exempt and One Subsidy”Policy

作　　者：邓翔[1] 张鸿铭 任伊梦 DENG Xiang;ZHANG Hongming;REN Yimeng(School of Economics,Sichuan University)

机构地区：[1]四川大学经济学院,610065

出　　处：《经济理论与经济管理》2023年第5期99-112,共14页Economic Theory and Business Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71673194)的资助。

摘　　要：基本公共教育服务均等化是实现教育公平与共同富裕的重要机制。本文利用2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)微观数据,以“两免一补”的渐进推开为准自然实验,从助学与增收双重视角研究了基本公共教育服务均等化的长期效果。研究发现:第一,“两免一补”作为推进基本公共教育服务均等化的“大推进”政策,能够显著提高受益个体的受教育年限和收入水平,即存在显著的助学与增收效应;第二,在收入来源上,“两免一补”对于非农就业,特别是外出务工受益人群收入的影响更显著,即存在异质性;第三,在作用渠道上,“两免一补”能够通过提升受益个体的人力资本水平,进而促进其增收。进一步研究发现,落后地区产业发展的相对滞后会制约劳动力市场对人力资源的配置,从而导致教育收益率不高。Equalization of basic public education services is an important mechanism to achieve educational equity and common prosperity.Using the microdata of 2019 China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)and based on a quasi-natural experiment of the gradual promotion of“two exemptions and one subsidy”,this paper investigates the long-term effects of the equalization of basic public education services from the dual perspectives of schooling assistance and income generation.The study finds that:First,the“two exemptions and one subsidy”policy,as a“big push”to promote the equalization of basic public education services,can significantly improve the years of schooling and income level of beneficiary individuals,that is,there are significant schooling and income effects;second,in terms of income sources,“two exemptions and one subsidy”policy has a more significant impact on non-agricultural employment,especially the income of migrant workers,that is,there is heterogeneity;third,in terms of channels,“two exemptions and one subsidy”policy can promote the income of beneficiaries by improving their human capital level.Further study finds that the relative lag of industrial development in the backward regions would restrict the allocation of human resources in the labor market,thus leading to a low rate of return to education.

关 键 词：基本公共教育服务均等化 两免一补 受教育年限 收入 人力资本 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]