论李维史学的命运观念  

On the Ideas of Fate in Livy's Historiography

作　　者：陈金海 Chen Jinhai

机构地区：[1]聊城大学历史文化与旅游学院,山东聊城252059

出　　处：《史学史研究》2023年第2期64-72,共9页Journal of Historiography

摘　　要：李维史学中的命运观念用fortuna、fatum等多种词汇形式表达,从而传递出不同状况下不同层面之内涵与意义。命运作为一种人类无法完全掌控的力量,在李维笔下源于诸神又超越于神意,其实质是以偶然性来展示历史进程中某种不以人类意志为转移的必然性因素。李维以通史之眼光,透过诸神或神意、人的行为与命运之互动,看到了pietas等德性力量,并试图以此来解释命运,表现出一种对罗马民族精神的内向观察以及一定时空场域而具有宗教伦理色彩的历史性反思。李维尝试以此相对不变之道德理性来解释历史变化,但面对历史之复杂性又无法完全化解。李维史学的命运观集中展现了这种具有内在张力的历史思想。The ideas of fate in Livy's historical works is expressed in various words,such as fortuna and fatum,whose means are different in different conditions.The fate as a power being out of control comes from gods but beyond the will of gods,and it demonstrates the inevitability of certain factors in historical processes that are not subject to human will,based on chance.With a universial view,Livy found the power of virtues such as pietas through the interaction of gods or divine wills with human behavior and fate,attempting to explain or illustrate fate,which shows conscious observation of the national spirit of Rome and a reflection of history.Livy attempted to explain the changes by the steadiness,but he couldn't understood the complexion of history.The ideas of fate in Livy's historiography reflects the tension in his historical thinking.

关 键 词：李维 《建城以来史》 命运 虔敬 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]