柯林武德的世界史学叙事及其缺憾  

Collingwood's Narrative of World Historiography and Its Defects

作　　者：顾晓伟 Gu Xiaowei

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《史学史研究》2023年第2期88-101,共14页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“二战后全球马克思主义史学理论文献的整理和研究”(项目编号:22&ZD250);中山大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“现当代西方史学理论的谱系”(项目编号:22wkqb03)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：柯林武德终其一生都在历史哲学的层面反思和批判西方历史思想中的实质主义和自然主义传统,从而倡导一种彻底的人文主义和历史主义思想。然而,在全球史学史的视野下,将柯林武德关于世界史学的探讨对勘黑格尔关于世界历史的讨论,可以发现柯林武德并没有从东方的中国或印度开始讨论历史学这一概念的发展历程,而是将希腊的希罗多德看作是科学历史学的开创者,不自觉地将自己预设的“科学历史学”的标准当作了一种实质,从而没有将历史主义思想贯彻到底,不免落入他自己所深刻批判的实质主义的陷阱之中,带有不可克服的欧洲中心论的色彩。当然,在柯林武德所处的时代,虽然已经出现了斯宾格勒、汤因比、雅斯贝尔斯等人对于欧洲中心论的批判,突破了黑格尔以来世界历史的线性进步史观,但关于世界史学的讨论还是凤毛麟角,由此也不应苛责前人。进一步而言,柯林武德在探讨历史哲学过程中所表现出来的勇于自我挑战、不断自我反省的精神,仍旧是全球史学语境下不可或缺的史学理论遗产。Collingwood devoted his whole life to reflecting on and criticizing the substantialism and naturalism tradition in western historical thoughts at the level of philosophy of history,thus advocating a thorough humanism and historicism.However,from the perspective of global historiography,comparing Collinwood's exploration of world historiography with Hegel's discussion of world history,it can be found that Collinwood did not start discussing the development of the concept of history from China or India in the East,instead of regarding Herodotus in Greece as the father of scientific history,unconsciously taking his preconceived standards of“scientific history”as a substance,As a result,he did not carry out historicism to the end,and inevitably fell into the trap of substantialism criticized by himself,with Eurocentrism bias.Of course,in the era of Collinwood,although Eurocentrism had been criticized by Spengler,Toynbee,Jaspers,and others,and the linear progressive view of world history since Hegel had been weaken,the discussions on world historiography were still rare,and therefore Collingwood should not be harshly criticized.Furthermore,Collinwood's self-challenge and self-reflection in exploring philosophy of history remains an indispensable theoretical heritage in the global historical research.

关 键 词：全球史学史 跨文化比较 黑格尔 柯林武德 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]