慢性住院精神分裂症男性患者的需求层次及在康复训练中的应用  

Hierarchy of needs in male patients with chronic hospitalized schizophrenia and its application in rehabilitation training

作　　者：魏丽宁[1] 王新福[1] 王玉红[1] 王茜[1] 李占敏[1] 田红梅[1] 刘力军[1] 李杰[1] 赵惠芳[1] 安彦敏[1] WEI Lining;WANG Xinfu;WANG Yuhong(Hebei Province Veterans Hospital,Hebei,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省荣军医院,河北省保定市071000

出　　处：《河北医药》2023年第12期1844-1847,共4页Hebei Medical Journal

基　　金：保定市科技局计划项目(编号:18ZF006)。

摘　　要：目的了解慢性精神分裂症男性患者的需求层次,探索心理需求在康复训练中的应用。方法以慢性精神分裂症住院患者76例为研究对象,参照马斯洛需求层次理论,自行设计需求调查清单,了解患者在生理、安全、爱与归属、尊重及自我实现等各层次需求,并将调查结果应用于康复训练。结果慢性精神分裂症患者的生理需求和安全需求评分高于健康受试者(P<0.01),爱与归属及尊重评分2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),患者自我实现评分低于健康受试者(P<0.01)。患者各层次需求之间评分差异无统计学意义(F=0.57,P=0.68),PANSS总分与生理需求评分呈负相关(P<0.05),年龄与自我实现评分呈负相关(P<0.05)。训练12周后,研究组社会功能评分较入组时明显升高,并明显高于对照组,评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究组阴性症状评分较入组时下降,差异有统计学意义(P=0.035)。结论慢性精神分裂症患者需求层次与健康人群比较存在差异,将需求层次用于康复训练可使患者受益。Objective To investigate the hierarchy of needs of male patients with chronic schizophrenia and its application in rehabilitation training.Methods A total of 76 hospitalized male patients with chronic schizophrenia were recruited.A self-made questionnaire of hierarchy of needs was made based on the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to investigate the physiological needs,safety needs,love and belonging,esteem and self-actualization.Survey findings were subjected to rehabilitation training.Results Male patients with chronic schizophrenia had significantly higher scores of physiological needs and safety needs,and significantly lower scores of self-actualization than those of healthy volunteers(all P<0.01).Scores of love and belonging,and esteem were similar between male patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy volunteers(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the scores of different hierarchy of needs in male patients with chronic schizophrenia(F=0.57,P=0.68).The total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)scores were negatively correlated with the scores of physiological needs(P<0.05),and age was negatively correlated with the scores of self-actualization(P<0.05).After 12 weeks of training,the scores of social function in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01).The negative symptom score in the study group after training decreased compared with that of baseline(P=0.035).Conclusion The hierarchy of needs of male patients with chronic schizophrenia differs from that of healthy people.Using the hierarchy of needs for rehabilitation training can benefit patients with chronic schizophrenia.

关 键 词：慢性住院精神分裂症 马斯洛需求层次 社会功能 阴性症状 康复 

分 类 号：R749.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]