火炸药和化学  

Explosives & Propellants and Chemistry

作　　者：杨德红[1] 杨洋 王坤 范文捷 何方 张留学[1] 赵尧敏[1] YANG De-Hong;YANG Yang;WANG Kun;FAN Wen-Jie;HE Fang;ZHANG Liu-Xue;ZHAO Yao-Min(School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院材料与化工学院,郑州450007

出　　处：《应用化学》2023年第6期916-922,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

基　　金：2021年河南省线上线下一流课程建设项目(教高[2021]174号);2020年河南省本科高校“战疫”类课程思政样板课(教高[2020]531号);2020年河南省高校优秀基层教学组织(教高[2020]393号);河南省高校青年骨干教师培养计划(No.2019GGJS141);“纺织之光”高等教育教改项目(Nos.2021BKJGLX531,2021BKJGLX532);教育部产学合作协同育人项目(Nos.202102366060,202102024040);中原工学院研究生教育质量提升工程项目(Nos.JG202117,JG202256);中原工学院教改项目(No.2020ZGJGLX055)。

摘　　要：火药是中国古代四大发明之一,曾对世界格局和发展进程产生重要影响,然而明末清初之后火药火器在中国却日益衰落。火药随战争移步西方,变身黑火药,促进了近代化学科学的诞生和发展。而化学科学的发展对火炸药大家族意义非凡,二者之间彼此成就,缘分匪浅。中国现代火炸药王的辉煌成就重焕中国火药之荣光。论文回顾了火炸药的传奇发展历程和开天辟地的作用,讲述其特种化学能源的属性、丰富的种类和独特的工作原理,并努力追溯火药燃烧和爆炸的内在机制。旨在凸显科学思维方式及化学学科的发展对火炸药研究的重要性,从而不断丰富化学专业学生的知识内涵,激发学生的创新思维热忱,增强化学人的专业自信、文化自信和民族自信,弘扬科学家精神。Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of ancient China,which once had an important impact on the world pattern and development process.However,after the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty,gunpowder firearms gradually declined in China.Gunpowder moved to the West with the war and became black powder,which promoted the birth and development of modern chemical science.The development of chemical science is of great significance to the dynamite family.The brilliant achievements of China's modern king of dynamite revitalize the glory of Chinese gunpowder.This paper reviews the legendary development course and the groundbreaking role of dynamite,describes the properties,rich types and unique working principles of its special chemical energy,and tries to trace the internal mechanism of gunpowder combustion and explosion.It aims to highlight the importance of scientific thinking mode and the development of chemistry discipline to the study of explosives,so as to continuously enrich the knowledge connotation of chemistry students,stimulate their enthusiasm for innovative thinking,enhance their professional confidence,cultural confidence and national confidence,and promote the spirit of scientists.

关 键 词：火炸药 化学 燃烧爆炸 发展史 逻辑思维 科学家精神 

分 类 号：O622.6[理学—有机化学]