家具常用木材铣削性能研究  

Research on Milling Performance of Wood Commonly Used in Furniture

作　　者：曹奇涛 曹平祥 朱兆龙 CAO Qi-tao;CAO Ping-xiang;ZHU Zhao-long(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,P.R.China;College of Furnishings and Industrial Design,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学家居与工业设计学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《林产工业》2023年第6期43-47,75,共6页China Forest Products Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971594)。

摘　　要：为改善杉木、橡胶木与榉木的铣削性能,通过正交试验,研究了杉木、橡胶木和榉木在不同铣削方式和方向的切削力、表面质量、切屑形成的变化规律。结果表明:切削力大小排序为榉木>橡胶木>杉木,螺旋铣削>锥形铣削>直齿铣削,切削方向X_3>X_2>X_1,影响切削力的主效应顺序为铣削方式>木材种类>铣削方向。表面粗糙度R_a大小排序为榉木>橡胶木>杉木,直齿铣削>锥形铣削>螺旋铣削,X_3>X_2>X_1,影响R_a的主效应顺序为木材种类>铣削方式>铣削方向。此外,根据已加工表面形貌特征,木材螺旋铣削后表面无明显崩边,锥形铣削后表面局部崩边,直齿铣削的表面有崩边和凹坑等异常损伤。木材直齿铣削的切屑形态为薄片状或长条状,螺旋铣削的切屑形态为螺旋状,锥形铣削的切屑形态为片状。家具材料进行粗加工时,建议采用直齿铣刀沿X_1方向进行加工,其切削力最小,机床能耗最小;当精加工时,建议采用螺旋铣刀沿X_1方向进行加工,其表面粗糙度最小,加工质量最好。In order to improve the milling performance of Chinese fir,rubber wood and beech,the changing rules of cutting force,surface quality and chip formation of Chinese fir,rubber wood,and beech in different milling methods and directions were studied through orthogonal experiment.The results showed that the order of cutting force was beech>rubber wood>fir,spiral milling>tapered milling>straight tooth milling,X3>X2>X1.The main effect order of cutting force was milling method>wood type>milling direction.The order of surface roughness Ra was beech>rubber wood>fir,straight tooth milling>tapered milling>helical milling,X3>X2>X1.The main effect order of Ra's influence was wood type>milling method>milling direction.In addition,according to the surface morphology characteristics,there was no obvious edge chipping on the surface after helical milling,local chipping on the surface after tapered milling,and abnormal damage morphology such as chipping and pits on the surface of straight tooth milling.The chip shape of straight tooth milling is flake or strip,and the chips were separated;the chip shape of helical milling is spiral,and the chips were connected;the chip shape of tapered milling is flake,and the chips were separated.Therefore,when rough machining furniture materials,it was recommended to use a straight-tooth milling cutter to process along the X1 direction,which had the smallest cutting force and the least energy consumption of the machine tool.When finishing,it was recommended to use a helical milling cutter to process along the X1 direction,and the surface roughness is the smallest and the machining quality is the best.

关 键 词：木材 铣削 切削力 表面质量 切屑形成 

分 类 号：TS6[轻工技术与工程]