方回诗学的“出位之思”新论  

New Comments on Fang Hui's"Thought of Overstepping the Boundary"in His Poetics

作　　者：郭庆财[1] GUO Qingcai(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学文学院,太原030031

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期1-9,共9页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“宋代的官私教育与文体形态研究”(22BZW078)。

摘　　要：钱钟书先生认为,方回作为诗人又依傍朱学乃属“出位之思”,方回称朱子的诗“本来馀事压黄陈”亦不允当。钱先生的看法基于一贯的文学本位立场,而对方回的诗学视域缺少同情之理解。方回的诗学基于弘大的文化视野,且有明显的本末、体用色彩。首先,方回持守的“斯文”理想,包括了诗学和义理之学,而以后者为根本;其次,方回诗学的“格高”理想,包含了“诗格”与“人格”,而以人格为根本;其三,方回学诗的“活法”路径,包括句法之变和心灵之活,乃以“心活”为根本。以上三对关系中,义理之学、人格之高、心灵之活均以朱子学为最终根源。由此,方回的诗思、诗风臻于新境,并激活了没落的江西诗派;而方回认为朱子诗胜于黄、陈,也是方回诗学发展的自然逻辑。According to Mr.Qian Zhongshu,as a poet,Fang Hui's attachment to neo-confucianism represented"his thought of overstepping the boundary".However,Qian criticized Fang Hui's comment on Zhu Xi's poetry,stating that it was inappropriate for him to claim superiority:"Fang Hui did not have to devote himself to writing poetry,but he surpassed Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao."Mr.Qian's opinion was based on the literary criterion,but he overlooked Fang Hui's sense of compassion as a poet.Fang Hui's poetic thought was based on his grand cultural vision and showed its characteristics of fundamentals and representation.Firstly,Fang Hui's ideal of the"siwen"encompasses both poetics and the science of righteousness,with the latter being fundamental.Secondly,Fang Hui's poetic ideal of"noble character"was the unity of"poetic character"and"human character",with the latter as the foundation.Thirdly,Fang Hui's path of"living poetry",including the change of syntax and the mind,was based on the"change of the mind".Among the above three pairs of relationship,the study of righteousness,the height of personality,and the change of the mind all had their ultimate roots in neo-confucianism,which inspired Fang Hui's poetic thinking and style to a new level and activated the declining Jiangxi school of poetry.Therefore,Fang Hui's belief that neo-confucian poetry was superior to that of Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao should be viewed as a natural progression in the development of his poetics.

关 键 词：方回 出位之思 朱子学 江西诗学 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]