从历史诗学到远读理论:文学进化中的形式与历史  

From“Historical Poetics”to“Distant Reading”:Form and history in literary evolution1

作　　者：郭靖媛 Guo Jingyuan

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2023年第2期119-124,共6页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“俄罗斯诗学学派研究”(项目编号:22&ZD286)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：美国学者弗兰哥·莫莱蒂借助达尔文进化论重新构建了文学史进程,认为在“文学进化论”中能实现文学形式和历史相统一、共时和历时相结合。莫莱蒂的观点深受维谢洛夫斯基和俄国形式主义者影响,这些俄国学者都将形式演进作为文学史的主角,但前者认为文学形式演进是外部社会思想发展的被动反映,其文学进化论是“历史一元论”;而后者将文学进化的动因归功于内在形式的演进,是“形式一元论”。莫莱蒂在“文学屠宰场”中论述文学进化机制时,引入读者和市场两个外在因素、绘制了文学进化树形图,同时借用布罗代尔三时段理论,把形式与历史二元地并置于文学进化中,构建了“二元论”史观。这为解决文学研究中内部与外部、历时与共时关系问题提供了新方案。American scholar Franco Moretti is a representative of contemporary re-use of evolutionary methods to study literary history and world literature,who believes that literary form and history can be unified in the view of evolutionary literary history,forming a research mode that combines synchronic and diachronic organically.Moretti’s views can be traced back to the literary evolution theory of Russian scholars Veselovsky and Russian formalists,both of whom regard the evolution of form as the protagonist of literary history.Veselovsky’s problem was that formal change became an appendage of historical progress,and his theory of literary evolution was“historical monism”,while the formalists went to the opposite direction,with a“formal monism”view of literary evolution.In his artical“The Literary Slaughterhouse”,Moretti discusses the mechanism of literary evolution,introduces two external factors,the reader and the market,draws a tree diagram of literary evolution,and builds a‘dualist’view of history by juxtaposing form and history in literary evolution,drawing on Brodeur’s theory of three time periods.This provides a new solution to the problem of the relationship between the internal and the external,the synchronic and diachronic in literary studies.

关 键 词：文学进化论 历史诗学 远读 文学形式与历史 

分 类 号：I0-05[文学—文学理论]