“小切口”联结“大问题”:找回充分解释的“结构分析”  

“Small Notches”Connecting with“Big Issues”:To Find a Fully Explained“Structural Analysis”

作　　者：吴晓林[1] WU Xiao-lin(Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期16-24,共9页Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：在社会科学中,结构功能主义曾经盛极一时、占据研究主流,但因其长于宏观分析,且不着意于个体行动,遭受广泛的批评。越来越多的研究者抛去结构、制度、价值、文化等的罩缚,专注于具体的行动与事件研究,微观精巧的研究范式席云卷浪。总体来看,结构功能主义及其批评者的差异是存在的,但是二者是一种互补关系,而非构成彼此致命的威胁。需要说明的是,行动者无不在结构之中,行动者的行为势必要由结构来说明。由于分工不同,对社会进行一般的理论抽象,是结构主义而非其他主义所能做的。将过程引入到结构分析中来,建构一种“结构—过程”分析范式,既能激活详尽的行动要素,又能链接一般的结构。在大时代,研究者借助结构—过程范式分析大问题、产出大理论是可能的。Structural functionalism once prevailed and occupied the mainstream of social science research.However,due to its expertise in macro analysis and lack of attention to individual actions,it has been widely criticized.More and more researchers leave alone the shackles of structure,system,value,culture,etc.,and focus on specific action and event study.The micro exquisite research paradigm thus has been a tide.On the whole,though there lies a gap between structural functionalism and its criticism,the two are complementary,rather than threatens to each other.It should be noted that all actors are within the structure,and their behaviors are inevitably explained by the structure.Due to the different division of labor,it is structuralism rather than other doctrines that can abstract society with a theoretical approach.Introducing process into structural analysis and constructing a“structure process”analysis paradigm can activate detailed action elements while linking general structures.In the great age,it is possible for researchers to analyze big issues and produce big theories by adopting the structure-process paradigm.

关 键 词：结构功能主义 结构主义 结构—过程 政治过程 

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