“合理私密生活期待”搜查标准的形成与审视  

The Formation and Examination of the Search Standard of“Reasonable Private Life Expectation”

作　　者：高一飞 王佳星 Gao Yifei;Wang Jiaxing(Law School,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530000;School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102299)

机构地区：[1]广西大学法学院,广西南宁530000 [2]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2023年第4期115-125,共11页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金课题“看守所法立法研究”(项目编号:18BFX078);2021年中国法学会部级法学研究课题重点课题“司法权运行机制和运行规律研究”[项目编号:CLS(2021)B03]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：欧洲人权法院确立了搜查的“合理私密生活期待”标准,将超合理预期记录的声音样本和监控视频,超合理预期使用的监控视频、动态网络IP地址背后的个人用户信息确立为具有合理私密生活期待的信息。欧洲标准中的“私密生活”范围大于美国标准中的“隐私”范围。我国可以在借鉴欧美搜查实质性标准的前提下,兼顾打击犯罪和保护人权,根据取证对象作出不同规定:收集信息主体本人存储的信息、存储于第三方机构的存在保密约定的公民个人信息,可以认定为具有合理保密期待;存储于第三方机构的存在公开约定的公民个人信息、暴露于公共领域的个人信息,可以认定为不具有合理保密期待。根据信息内容敏感程度作出不同规定:对于个人非敏感信息、不属于私密信息的个人敏感信息,可以认定为不具有合理保密期待;对于属于私密信息的个人敏感信息,可以认定为具有合理保密期待。The European Court of Human Rights has established the standard of“reasonable private life expectation”for search,and established the sound samples and monitoring videos recorded beyond reasonable expectations,monitoring videos used beyond reasonable expectations,and personal user information behind dynamic network IP addresses as information with reasonable private life expectation.The scope of“private life”in European standards is larger than the scope of“privacy”in American standards.In China,according to the different objects of evidence collection,on the premise of learning from the substantive standards of search in Europe and the United States,and with consideration to fighting against crime and protecting human rights,the information stored by the information subject himself,and the personal information of citizens with confidentiality agreements stored in the third party institution shall be recognized as having reasonable confidentiality expectations;the personal information of citizens with disclosure agreements and personal information exposed to the public domain stored in the third party institution can be considered as having no reasonable expectation of confidentiality.According to the sensitivity degree of information content,personal non-sensitive information and personal sensitive information without private information can be identified as not having a reasonable confidentiality expectation;personal sensitive information with private information can be identified as having a reasonable confidentiality expectation.

关 键 词：欧洲人权法院 搜查标准 私密生活 合理期待 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]