动车车顶绝缘子气动减阻优化及绝缘性能研究  

Study on Optimization of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction and Insulation Performance of Roof Insulators for High-speed Trains

作　　者：郭裕钧 杨晨光 张血琴 赵康翔 丁晨阳 吴广宁[1] GUO Yujun;YANG Chenguang;ZHANG Xueqin;ZHAO Kangxiang;DING Chenyang;WU Guangning(School of Electrical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学电气工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《高电压技术》2023年第5期1917-1926,共10页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52277165);四川省杰出青年科技人才项目(2020JDJQ0039);四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1862)。

摘　　要：高速列车运行时产生的气动阻力不仅会影响列车运行效率,也制约着列车速度的进一步提升。目前车身流线型减阻设计已达到极限,而车顶大量外绝缘设备的存在使得车顶阻力增加,对其进行减阻优化是重要的发展方向,但与一般减阻问题不同,车顶外绝缘结构还承担着电气绝缘的重要作用,因此研究中需兼顾气动特性和绝缘性能。为此以车顶绝缘子为研究对象,通过在绝缘子伞裙表面构造凹坑结构来实现减阻优化,以凹坑排列间距、凹坑横纵轴以及凹坑深度为变量,最小阻力系数为目标,采用拉丁方抽样法选取样本计算得到响应值,建立近似模型;然后利用遗传算法全局寻优,得到凹坑最优参数;最后对凹坑绝缘子进行干闪和污闪试验,校验其绝缘性能。结果表明:凹坑结构可实现车顶绝缘子最大15.62%的减阻效果,并在一定气流条件下能提高绝缘子干闪电压保证其绝缘性能;且当绝缘子受到污染后,凹坑绝缘子也能具备良好的电气绝缘性能,保证列车安全运行。Aerodynamic drag generated by high-speed train seriously impairs the operating economy of trains and restricts a further increase in speed.Currently,the drag reduction method with streamlined bodies has approached its limit.Meanwhile,the existence of external insulation equipment will increase the drag on the roof,and optimization of the external insulation equipment for drag reduction is an important development direction.However,the equipment also plays an essential role in electrical insulation,therefore,both aerodynamic characteristics and insulation performance need to be considered.In this paper,a dimple structure was constructed on the surface of the insulator shed to reduce the drag.The pit spacing,pit transverse and longitudinal axes,and pit depth were taken as variables,and the minimum drag coefficient was taken as the objective,so that the response values were calculated by using the Latin square sampling method to select samples to establish an approximate model.Then,a global optimization search using genetic algorithm was conducted to obtain the optimal parameters of the pit.Finally,dry flash and foul flash tests were conducted on the pit insulators to verify their insulation performance.The results show that the pit structure can achieve a maximum 15.62%resistance reduction of the roof insulator,and can increase the insulator dry flash voltage under certain airflow conditions to ensure its insulation performance.And when the insulator is contaminated,the pit insulator can also have good electrical insulation performance to ensure the safe operation of the train.

关 键 词：气动减阻 车顶绝缘子 凹坑 遗传算法 闪络试验 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程]