民法典时代下非典型担保与所担保债权的关系  

The Relationship Between Atypical Guarantees and Secured Claims in the Era of the Civil Code

作　　者：李运杨 LI Yun-yang(School of Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期96-107,共12页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：司法部课题“优化营商环境背景下动产与权利担保制度的现代化研究”(项目编号:22SFB4018);中国博士后科学基金特别资助“功能主义视角下非典型担保的规范统合”(项目编号:2022T150218)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》虽然分散式引入功能主义思路,但整体上仍然是一种形式主义立法,故从解释论的角度,典型担保与非典型担保的学理区分在《民法典》时代仍然存在。对于典型担保与所担保债权的关系,《民法典》为其规定了从属性,但对于非典型担保与所担保债权的关系,《民法典》虽承认了非典型担保的担保地位,但并未赋予其从属性。在解释上也不宜认为非典型担保具有从属性,因为非典型担保不符合从属性的法定性特征,而且在我国从属性被强化的背景下,若认为非典型担保具有法定的从属性将扼杀非典型担保自带的独立基因,使得当事人对物保独立性的合理诉求无法得到满足。缺少了法定的从属性,非典型担保与所担保债权之间也并非毫无关联,当事人仍可通过附条件法律行为或担保合同在非典型担保与所担保债权之间建立牵连关系。从属性担保和非从属性担保都能在担保权与债权之间建立牵连关系,只不过借助不同的教义学路径,前者通过法定的从属性,后者通过意定的法律行为,二者构成了连结担保权和所担保债权的两种模式。Although the Civil Code introduces functionalist ideas,as a whole it is still a formalist legislation,so the doctrinal distinction between typical and atypical guarantees has not changed in the era of the Civil Code.The relationship between a typical guarantee and a secured claim is subordinated by the Civil Code,but the relationship between an atypical guarantee and a secured claim is not.It is also inappropriate to interpret atypical guarantees as subordinate,because atypical guarantees do not meet the legal characteristics of subordination,and in the context of enhanced subordination in China,to consider atypical guarantees as statutorily subordinate would kill the independent genes that atypical guarantees carry,and make the reasonable claims of the parties to independence unsatisfied.In the absence of legal subordination,atypical guarantees are not unrelated to the secured claim,and the parties can still establish an implication between the atypical guarantee and the secured claim through a conditional legal act or security contract.Both subordinate and non-subordinate security rights can achieve the purpose of creating an implication between a security right and a claim,but through different doctrinal paths,the former through statutory subordination and the latter through an intentional legal act,which constitute two modes of linking a security right and a secured claim.

关 键 词：非典型担保 从属性 非从属性 附条件法律行为 担保合同 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]