基于半导体气体传感阵列的电缆过热故障诊断方法  

Fault Diagnosis of Cable Overheating Based on Semiconductor Gas Sensing Array

作　　者：雷芳菲 褚继峰 刘洋[1] 杨爱军[1] 袁欢[1] 王小华[1] 荣命哲[1] Lei Fangfei;Chu Jifeng;Liu Yang;Yang Aijun;Yuan Huan;Wang Xiaohua;Rong Mingzhe(State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,710049 China)

机构地区：[1]电气绝缘电力设备国家重点实验室(西安交通大学),西安710049

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2023年第13期3651-3664,共14页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2166214,52207170);陕西省“三秦学者”创新团队项目(西安交通大学先进直流电力装备关键技术及其产业化示范创新团队);中国博士后科学基金(2022M712510,2022TQ0252);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2023-JC-JQ-41);陕西省重点研发计划(2022GXLH-01-11,N2022GY-273);电气绝缘电力设备国家重点实验室项目(EIPE23314)资助。

摘　　要：中低压电缆过载运行严重、工作环境恶劣、过热故障频发,往往是电气火灾的高发源头所在,但目前仍缺乏经济可靠的过热故障诊断方法。火灾早期阶段气体挥发物一般先于烟雾颗粒出现,因此该文开展基于气体传感阵列的电缆过热故障诊断研究。首先,以中低压电缆常用的绝缘材料聚氯乙烯(PVC)为研究对象,探索电缆绝缘材料过热生成气体组分,指导用于检测电缆过热分解气体的半导体气体传感器选型;然后,基于分解气体类型,构建气体传感器阵列,采用真实电缆模拟过热故障,测试气体传感器阵列对电缆过热分解气体的响应;最后,对传感器阵列的响应信号提取4维时域特征、6维频域特征和10维曲线拟合特征,根据卡方检验选择前10个最高分数的特征组成特征矩阵,采用支持向量机进行分类,可以将过热程度分为正常、预警、报警三类温度区间,模型的准确率可达95%。整个实验过程中,烟雾报警器都没有发出报警蜂鸣。Low-and medium-voltage cables with severe overload operation,harsh working environment and frequent overheating faults are often the source of high incidence of electrical fires,but there is a lack of economical and reliable overheating fault diagnosis methods in the early stages of fire.Gas component analysis has been applied to transformers(dissolved gas in oil detection method)and the diagnosis of overheating and discharge faults in SF6 and its alternative gas insulated equipment.In the early stage of fire,gas volatiles generally appear before smoke particles,and gas component analysis can provide faster early warning of fire than the traditional smoke detection method,so this paper carried out research on the cable overheating fault diagnosis method based on gas sensing array.Firstly,GC-MS was used to analyze the gas components of cable overheating decomposition.The gas decomposition components at different temperatures was compared,the number of gas components and the change of main component had been discussed.The result of GC-MS showed that the decomposition products of superheated PVC contains aromatic compounds,esters,aldehydes,ketones,saturated hydrocarbons,unsaturated hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds VOCs.With the increase of superheat temperature,the types of cable decomposition gas increased significantly.Among the decomposition gas,benzene,2-EH,DOTP and DEHA were the four components with the highest gas concentrations.2-EH exists in the whole temperature range of 90~200℃,DOTP and DEHA exist only at 140℃and above,and the concentration of these three substances varies widely.Benzene mainly exists in the high temperature and serious overheating state above 180℃,and its content increases sharply at 200℃.Based on the above analysis results,a variety of commercial sensors for VOCs detectionwere selected to compose the gas sensor array.A cable overheating fault simulation experiment was conducted to record the response curves of the sensor array,and the cable was heated to differen

关 键 词：电缆过热 分解气体 气体传感器阵列 模式识别 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TM854[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]