理性选择制度主义视角下新高考科目选择的制度分析  

Institutional Analysis of Subject Selection in the New College Entrance Examination from the Perspective of Rational Choice Institutionalism

作　　者：沈甸[1] 蒋梦凯 SHEN Dian;JIANG Mengkai(East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学,上海200062

出　　处：《中国考试》2023年第7期38-47,共10页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部2018年度重点课题“高考新政下教育公平的实证研究”(DIA180382)。

摘　　要：新高考制度下的科目选择问题受到社会各界关注。在选科制度下,教育行政部门、高校、高中学校和学生是4个主要行动者。利用理性选择制度主义的制度分析框架,基于行动者在制度过程中所处的身份或地位,分析行动者的价值倾向与偏好、信息、控制力、成本与效益、可选择行为等行动情景因素,分析行动者之间的相互作用关系。选科制度下各行动者为实现个体利益最大化而采取了理性行动,而个体理性行为的集合有可能产生非理性结果,非理性结果则促使选科制度的调整与改进。从效率性、公平性、问责制和适应性方面对新高考选科制度进行评析,并提出建立协同治理平台等建议,以为完善新高考选科制度提供参考。The implementation and evolution of the subject selection system under the background of new college entrance examination has been a widespread concern.Rational choice institutionalism explains the interaction between actors and institutions.There are four main actors in the subject selection system of the new college entrance examination,namely the education administration department,colleges and universities,high schools and students.The Institutional Analysis and Development(IAD)system is used to analyze the four actors'identities,value priorities and preferences,information,control power,cost and benefit,and alternative behavior.It is also used to analyze the interaction mode among the actors.It is found that the actors take rational actions in order to maximize individual benefits when they select subjects for the college entrance examination,yet the collection of individual rational behaviors may lead to irrational results,which promote the adjustment and evolution of the subject selection system.Using the evaluation criteria of the IAD,the subject selection system is evaluated for efficiency,fairness,accountability and adaptability,and four suggestions are put forward to improve the subject selection system.

关 键 词：理性选择制度主义 高考改革 科目选择 行动者 理性选择 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]