乡村教师补充政策执行的抑制因素与纾解路径——基于史密斯政策执行过程模型的分析  

Inhibitory Factors and Optimization Paths of Implementing the Policies of Supplementing Rural Teachers——Analysis Based on the Smith Policy Implementation Process Model

作　　者：张书宁 ZHANG Shu-ning(School of Educational Science,Nanjing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《教育理论与实践》2023年第16期30-36,共7页Theory and Practice of Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2020年度教育学一般课题“近十年我国农村教师队伍建设政策执行情况研究”(课题编号:BHA200137)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：乡村教师是解决乡村教育“短板”问题的关键,乡村教师补充作为乡村教师队伍建设进、管、出三个环节中的基础环节与首要部分,对城乡教育均衡发展和乡村教育振兴意义重大。依据史密斯政策执行过程模型构建乡村教师补充政策执行分析框架,从政策文本、执行组织、目标群体和政策环境四个方面来看,以下问题还抑制着乡村教师补充政策执行:部分政策清晰性、科学性有待提高;各级执行组织间存在离散现象,政策宣传与传递中的信息滞损,部分执行人员机械执行;乡村教师对乡村缺乏认同感,对政策制定与执行缺乏广泛参与;政策执行环境中配套政策缺位、经济条件制约以及社会环境缺少吸引力。纾解乡村教师补充政策执行的制约,需要优化政策设计,提升执行组织工作效能,引导目标群体积极响应政策设计;形塑优良的执行环境,从而吸引更多乡村教师“下得去,留得住,教得好”。Rural teachers are the key to address weakness in rural education.As the basic link and the first part of the three links(entry,management and exit)of rural teacher team construction,rural teacher supplement is of great significance to the balanced development of urban and rural education and the revitalization of rural education.Based on the Smith policy implementation process model,the implementation analysis framework of rural teacher supplement policies was constructed.The implementation problems of rural teacher supplement policies were analyzed from four main factors,namely policy text,implementation organization,target group and policy environment.The clarity and scitificity of some policies need to be improved;there exist the phenomenon of dispersion among executive organizations at all levels,the information delay in the policy advocacy and delivery,and the mechanical implementation of policies on the part of some personnel;rural teachers lack a sense of identity with the countryside and extensive participation in the policy making and implementation;and the absence of supporting policies,the restriction of economic conditions and the lack of attractive social environment all inhibit the policy implementation.Accordingly,the optimization paths of policy implementation include:optimizing the policy design,improving the work efficiency of implementation organizations,guiding the rural teachers to respond positively and creating a good implementation environment.In this way more rural teachers will be attracted to“go to the countryside,stay in the countryside and be a good teacher”.

关 键 词：乡村教师补充政策 政策执行 史密斯模型 政策设计 执行环境 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]