素食、科学与反殖民——全球史视野中的孙中山“大豆工业”计划  

Vegetarianism,Science and Anti⁃colonialism:Sun Yat⁃sen’s“Soybean Industry”Plan in the Perspective of Global History

作　　者：王书吟 WANG Shuyin(School of Marxism Studies,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期37-44,共8页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“全球史视野中的近代中国牛奶文化史”(项目编号:22FZSB068)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着社会史在思想史和政治史领域的渗入,孙中山素食思想不再被作为个人喜好的表达,而是被史学界纳入中西文化对比与国家现代政治的视野之中,《建国方略》中提出的大豆工业计划即可视为其素食思想在国家经济发展规划中的体现。孙中山参考近代西方微生物学和营养学,结合中国大量食用豆制品的饮食传统以及友人李石曾外销豆制品的商业实践,提倡科学素食有益健康,将大豆视为能够强健国人身体的重要食物。在此基础上提出的大豆工业计划,则是孙中山依托中国东北大豆出口业务在国际贸易体系中的优势和低廉的生产成本,对大豆进行以工业化深加工为核心的产业升级的设想。孙中山对大豆的营养认知和产业规划不仅体现其在探求中国现代化道路进程中充分借鉴中国传统平民素食文化、对民生问题的深刻关切,同时也蕴含了对西方帝国主义殖民性的持续批判与反思。In recent years,with the infiltration of social history in the field of ideological history and political history,Sun Yat⁃sen’s vegetarian thought is no longer regarded as an expression of personal preference,but has been brought into the perspective of the comparison of Chinese and Western cultures and the modern national politics by historians.The soybean industry plan put forward in The General Plan of National Construction(《建国方略》)can be seen as the embodiment of his vegetarian thought in the national economic development plan.Referencing modern Western microbiology and nutriology,considering the Chinese diet tradition of bean products and his friend Li Shizeng’s(李石曾)commercial practice of exporting bean products,Sun Yat⁃sen advocated scientific vegetarian diet for health,and regarded soybeans as an important food that could strengthen the physique of the Chinese people.On this basis,the soybean industry plan is Sun Yat⁃sen’s idea of upgrading the soybean industry towards deep processing industry,based on the advantages and low production cost of soybean export business of Northeast China in the international trade system.Sun Yat⁃sen’s nutritional knowledge and industrial planning of soybeans not only reflects his deep concern for people’s livelihood,drawing on as much as possible the Chinese traditional vegetarian culture in exploring pathways for the modernization of China,but also implies his continuous criticism and reflection on Western imperialist colonialism.

关 键 词：全球史 孙中山 《建国方略》 大豆工业 

分 类 号：K251[历史地理—历史学]