利用电磁频谱手段探测和干扰无人机的难点问题  

Challenges in the detection and jamming of UAVs using electromagnetic spectrum techniques

作　　者：郭福成[1] 晏行伟 GUO Fucheng;YAN Xingwei(College of Electronic Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学电子科学学院,湖南长沙410073

出　　处：《国防科技》2023年第3期52-58,共7页National Defense Technology

基　　金：军队科研基金(2022-JCJQ-JJ-0629)。

摘　　要：随着无人机技术的迅速发展和广泛应用,无人机逐渐成为战场和要地防御上越来越重要的威胁之一。利用电磁频谱探测无人机下行链路信号存在无人机通信信号特征建库难、采用4G/5G网络通信的无人机难以识别、微弱无人机信号淹没于城市/战场复杂电磁环境中、采用自主控制不发射测控/图传信号的无人机无法探测等问题。利用电磁频谱手段对无人机进行定位时,分析和对比常用的多站测向交叉和时差定位体制,认为采用时差定位系统可以取得较好的定位精度。最后指出在无人机反制干扰中,可使用电磁压制干扰、卫星导航诱骗、协议破解操控多种技术手段,并分析其运用时面临的难题。Due to their rapid development and widespread use,Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles(UAVs)have become an increasingly pertinent threat on the battlefield,especially for point defenses.The detection of UAV downlink signals via electromagnetic spectrum monitoring is challenging because it is difficult to construct a database of UAV communication signals or recognize UAVs using 4G/5G networks.Furthermore,UAV signals tend to be obscured by the complex electromagnetic environment of cities or battlefields,and it is impossible to detect fully autonomous UAVs that do not emit image transmissions or control signals.In this study,two common spectrum monitoring techniques for UAV localization are analyzed and compared,that is,intersection of lines-of-bearing(LOBs)between multiple Direction-Finding(DF)stations and Time Difference of Arrival(TDOA)localization,in terms of their positioning error distributions.It is found that the TDOA localization system can be highly precise.Finally,UAV countermeasures such as electromagnetic jamming,Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)spoofing,and radio protocol cracking are discussed,and the challenges of deploying these methods are analyzed.

关 键 词：无人机 探测 电磁频谱 干扰 

分 类 号：TN972[电子电信—信号与信息处理]