回声探测浮标在金枪鱼围网渔业中的应用  

Research progress in application of echo-sounder buoys in tuna purse seine fishery

作　　者：周成[1,2,3,4] 肖宇 万荣[1,2,3,4] 许柳雄 王禹程[1] 谢程兰 肖俞辰 ZHOU Cheng;XIAO Yu;WAN Rong;XU Liuxiong;WANG Yucheng;XIE Chenglan;XIAO Yuchen(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Ocean Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Exploitation of Ocean Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;China National Fisheries Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学,农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [5]中国水产有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第7期11-26,共16页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901502,2020YFD0901202);上海海洋大学科技发展专项(A2-2006-22-200208)。

摘　　要：回声探测浮标能够远程为金枪鱼围网渔业持续地提供漂流人工集鱼装置(DFADs)的精确地理定位以及金枪鱼集群生物量的估计,有效减少围网船队搜索鱼群所产生的“碳足迹”和船队运营成本,从而提高船队的成功捕获率。除了在商业中的应用外,回声探测浮标有潜力作为观察远洋生物多样性的科学平台,为科学研究提供描述远洋鱼类活动模式的数据来源。本文介绍了DFADs的定义、类型和结构、生态影响及相关管理措施,以及回声探测浮标的发展沿革、种类和数据结构,并重点从金枪鱼随附鱼群生物量评估、鱼群随附行为和DFADs生态影响评估方面回顾了回声探测浮标在金枪鱼围网渔业中的应用。本文展望了回声探测浮标今后在技术上支持降低非目标物种和目标物种幼鱼死亡率的发展趋势,并从渔业资源可持续管理和海洋生物多样性保护方面讨论了利用浮标观测数据结合渔业数据进行资源评估,以及探究气候变化和人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的巨大潜力。Echo-sounder buoys can provide accurate geographic positioning of drifting fish aggregating devices(DFADs)and estimates of tuna stock biomass for tuna purse seine fisheries remotely and on a continuous basis,effectively reducing the"carbon footprint"of the purse seine fleet in searching for fish and fleet operating costs,thereby increasing the success of the fleet currently,DFADs-based tuna purse seine catches account for 54%of the total tuna purse seine fishery catch.In addition to its commercial application,the echosounder buoy has the poten-tial to serve as a scientific platform for observing pelagic biodiversity,providing data to describe pelagic fish activ-ity patterns for scientific research,helping to improve understanding of the accompanying behavior of DFADs,as well as the potential to develop an abundance index for tuna stock assessment independent of fisheries data.This paper firstly introduces the definition,types and structures,ecological impact and related management measures of DFADs,as well as the evolution,categories and data structure of echo-sounder buoys.The application of echo-sounder buoys in tuna purse seine fishery was reviewed from the aspects of:biomass assessment,fish association behavior and ecological impact posed by DFADs.Among them,tuna floating objects associated schools are ana-lyzed and discussed in terms of the rapidity and persistence of tuna aggregation of DFADs,while the colonization time is the main indicator of the rapidity of tuna aggregation,and the continuous residence time and colonization rate are the key indicators of the persistence of tuna aggregation.The ecological impact assessment of DFADs mainly discusses the impact of DFADs stranding events,the number of DFADs deployment and DFADs bycatch on the marine ecological environment.This paper prospects the echo-sounder buoys on technical support in the future to reduce the target species and species,the development trend of the juvenile mortality from fishery resources and the sustainable management and marine biodive

关 键 词：金枪鱼 回声探测浮标 漂流人工集鱼装置 围网 生物量评估 生态影响 

分 类 号：S973.1[农业科学—捕捞与储运]