氮肥减施与移栽密度对杂交粳稻滇禾优615产量和食味品质的影响  

The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Transplanting Density on Yield and Eating Quality of Japonica Hybrid Rice Dianheyou 615

作　　者：张国忠 李娟[1,2] 李毓才 金寿林[1,2] 洪汝科[1,2] 黄大军[1,2] 普世皇 施从波 段自林 马迪 陈丽娟[1,2] Zhang Guozhong;Li Juan;Li Yucai;Jin Shoulin;Hong Ruke;Huang Dajun;Pu Shihuang;Shi Congbo;Duan Zilin;Ma Di;Chen Lijuan(College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650100,Yunnan,China;Rice Research Institute,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650100,Yunnan,China;Qujing Sanbao Street Economic Management Service Center,Qujing 655002,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Jinding Hepu Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 652100,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明650100 [2]云南农业大学稻作研究所,云南昆明650100 [3]曲靖市三宝街道经济管理服务中心,云南曲靖655002 [4]云南金鼎禾朴农业科技有限公司,云南昆明652100

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第3期109-115,共7页Crops

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项“滇型水稻优质高效新品种创制及产业化技术研发”(202102AE090017);“滇型杂交水稻优良新品种选育与应用”(2018ZG007)。

摘　　要：为探讨氮肥减施和移栽密度对水稻产量和食味品质的影响,以优质滇型杂交粳稻滇禾优615为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,以氮肥减施(100%、20%、10%、0%,A)为主区,移栽密度(39万、42万、45万丛/hm^(2),B)为裂区,分析氮肥减施、移栽密度及氮密互作对产量、食味品质相关指标的影响。结果表明,随着氮肥用量减少,产量显著下降,食味值显著升高,直链淀粉和蛋白质含量变化不显著,RVA谱热浆黏度、消减值和最终黏度3个特征值发生显著或极显著改变;移栽密度对产量和食味品质的影响不显著;氮密互作效应对食味值、RVA谱的崩解值、回复值和消减值有显著影响;减氮10%对水稻产量和食味品质改变不明显;结合氮密互作效应,减氮10%和移栽密度45万丛/hm^(2)的处理组合能够实现氮肥减施下稳产保质的目标,达到绿色高效、产质平衡的要求。In order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and transplanting density on rice yield and eating quality,ʻDianheyou 615ʼ,a Dian-type japonica hybrid rice with high quality was taken as experimental material,and a two-factor split plot experiment was adopted with nitrogen fertilizer reduction(100%,20%,10%,0%,A)as the main treatment and transplanting density(3.9×105,4.2×105,4.5×105 clumps/ha,B)as the secondary treatment.The effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction,transplanting density and nitrogen density interaction on yield and eating quality were analyzed.The results showed that with the decrease of nitrogen fertilizer application rate,the yield decreased significantly,the eating value increased significantly,the amylose and protein contents did not change significantly,and the three characteristic values of RVA profile parameters,hot paste viscosity,setback viscosity and cold paste viscosity,changed significantly or extremely significantly;transplanting density had no significant effect on yield and eating quality.Nitrogen-density interaction had significant influence on taste value,RVA profile parameters breakdown viscosity,consistence viscosity and setback viscosity.Nitrogen reduction by 10%had no obvious change in rice yield and eating quality;combined with the interaction effect of nitrogen and density,the treatment combination of nitrogen reduction by 10%and transplanting density of 4.5×105 clumps/ha could achieve the goal of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application,stabilizing yield and ensuring quality,and achieve the requirements of green,high efficiency and balanced yield and quality.

关 键 词：氮肥减施 移栽密度 滇禾优615 产量 食味品质 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]