秧龄对浙东南地区优质稻产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Seedling Ages on Grain Yield and Quality of High Quality Rice in Southeastern Zhejiang Province

作　　者：马义虎[1] 何贤彪[1] 陈剑[1] 汤学军 王旭辉 何豪豪 金羽清 齐文 蒋海凌 周翠[1] Ma Yihu;He Xianbiao;Chen Jian;Tang Xuejun;Wang Xuhui;He Haohao;Jin Yuqing;Qi Wen;Jiang Hailing;Zhou Cui(Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province,Linhai 317000,Zhejiang,China;Linhai Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhejiang Province,Linhai 317000,Zhejiang,China;Jiaojiang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Taizhou of Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 318000,Zhejiang,China;Taizhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 318000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省台州市农业科学研究院,浙江临海317000 [2]浙江省临海市农业技术推广中心,浙江临海317000 [3]浙江省台州市椒江区农业技术推广中心,浙江台州318000 [4]浙江省台州市农业技术推广中心,浙江台州318000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第3期116-125,共10页Crops

基　　金：浙江省水稻新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02063-3);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2019XTTGLY01);台州市科技研发项目(1901ny03,22nya09);天台县科技特派员项目。

摘　　要：为明确浙东南地区不同类型优质稻的适宜秧龄,以籼粳杂交稻甬优1540和杂交籼稻泰两优217为材料,研究了15、21、27、33和39d秧龄处理对优质稻产量和米质的影响,并从生育期、秧苗素质、干物质积累与转运、温光条件等方面进行比较分析。结果表明,随着秧龄的延长,甬优1540和泰两优217的产量均先增后减,分别以27d和21d秧龄处理最高,其对应的产量分别为11.45和9.77t/hm^(2),稻米品质呈逐渐变优的趋势;生育时期相应顺延,移栽―齐穗期和本田生育期缩短,全生育期延长,秧苗素质、群体生长率(齐穗―成熟期)、干物质积累量、茎叶输出率和收获指数呈先提高后降低的趋势;在全生育期内,日均气温和平均气温日较差下降,而有效积温和日照时数增加,产量与齐穗―成熟期的有效积温和日照时数呈显著或极显著正相关。综上,适宜的秧龄可以提高水稻产量,改善稻米品质,在适期播种下,甬优1540高产与优质的秧龄为21~29d;泰两优217高产的秧龄为14~24d,若要获得优质则需要延长秧龄或调整播期。To clarify the suitable seedling age for different types of high quality rice in Southeastern Zhejiang,Yongyou 1540(indica-japonica hybrid rice)and Tailiangyou 217(indica hybrid rice)were used to study the effects of different seedling age treatments(15,21,27,33,and 39 days)on grain yield and rice quality of high quality rice,and the influencing mechanism was studied from the perspectives of growth period,seedlings quality,dry matter accumulation and transportation,and allocation of temperature and sunshine resources.The results showed that with the extension of seedling age,the grain yield of Yongyou 1540 and Tailiangyou 217 increased first and then decreased,and the highest yield were 11.45 and 9.77t/ha at 27 and 21 days seedling age old,respectively,rice quality showed a trend of gradual improvement.The growth stages of rice were delayed with the extension of seedling age,the transplanting-full heading period and the growth period of the field were shortened,while the whole growth period was extended.With the extension of seedling age,seedling quality,population growth rate(during full heading to maturity stage),dry matter accumulation,the output percentage of dry matter of stems and leaves,and harvest index increased first and then decreased.In the whole growth period,with the extension of seedling age,the average daily temperature and average temperature daily range decreased,while the effective accumulated temperature and sunshine hours increased.The grain yield was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the effective accumulated temperature and sunshine hours in the full heading-maturity period.In summary,suitable seedling age could increase grain yield and improve rice quality.The seedling age of Yongyou 1540 with high yield and good quality were 21-29 days old under suitable sowing date and the seedling age of Tailiangyou 217 with high yield were 14-24 days old.To obtain high quality for Tailiangyou 217,it may need to extend the seedling age or adjust the sowing date.

关 键 词：秧龄 优质稻 产量 品质 温光利用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]