陇东旱塬区不同青贮玉米品种生产性能和营养品质综合评价  

A multivariate evaluation of production performance and nutritional quality of different varieties of silage maize in the dry plateau area of Longdong

作　　者：蒋丛泽 受娜 高玮 马仁诗 沈禹颖[1,2,3] 杨宪龙 JIANG Cong-ze;SHOU Na;GAO Wei;MA Ren-shi;SHEN Yu-ying;YANG Xian-long(College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-ecosystems in Gansu Qingyang,Qingyang 745004,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃庆阳草地农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃庆阳745004

出　　处：《草业学报》2023年第7期216-228,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1100501);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA488);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2021-14)资助。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜在陇东旱塬地区栽培的青贮玉米品种,本试验以8份青贮玉米品种为研究对象,通过田间试验比较了不同青贮玉米品种在该地区的农艺表现、营养成分含量及水氮资源利用状况,并采用灰色关联分析法对各品种的综合表现进行了量化评价。结果表明:品种对主要农艺性状有显著影响(P<0.05)。株高最高的品种是豫青贮23,为299.6 cm;茎粗最大的品种是东单60号,为29.5 mm;叶长、叶宽分别以豫青贮23和京科青贮516最大,为83.3 cm和9.6 cm;单株鲜重最大的品种是中科甜928,为1147.1 g·株^(-1),单株干重最大的品种是京科青贮516,为341.1 g·株^(-1)。产量性状方面,鲜草产量超过80 t·hm^(-2)的品种有豫青贮23、东单60号和中科甜928,干草产量和粗蛋白产量最大的品种是东科301,分别为29.0 t·hm^(-2)和1.85 t·hm^(-2)。营养品质方面,全株粗蛋白含量最高的品种是文玉3号,为7.42%;粗灰分含量以中科甜928最高,为4.58%;中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量以京科301最低,分别为28.87%和12.63%。水氮资源利用方面,干物质水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力最高的品种是东科301,分别为77.0 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1)和161.2 kg·kg^(-1)。灰色关联分析结果显示,等权关联度和加权关联度综合评价结果较为一致,二者均表明豫青贮23、文玉3号和东科301兼顾丰产、优质和水氮资源高效利用优点,适宜在陇东旱塬区推广种植。In order to select silage maize(Zea mays)varieties suitable for cultivation in the Longdong dry plateau area,the agronomic performance,nutrient content and water and nitrogen(N)utilization of eight silage maize varieties were compared using a field experiment,and their comprehensive performance data were quantitatively evaluated using Grey correlation analysis.The results showed significant varietal differences for the main agronomic traits of silage maize(P<0.05).The variety with the highest plant height and greatest leaf length was Yu silage 23(299.6 and 83.3 cm,respectively);the variety with the greatest stem diameter was Dongdan No.60(29.5 mm);the variety with the greatest leaf width was Jingke silage 516(9.6 cm);the variety with the largest single plant fresh weight was Zhongketian 928(1147.1 g·plant^(−1)),and the variety with the largest single plant dry weight was Jingke silage 516(341.1 g·plant^(−1)).In terms of yield traits,the varieties with fresh yield exceeding 80 t·ha^(−1) were Yu silage 23,Dongdan No.60 and Zhongketian 928,while Dongke 301 had the highest hay yield(29.0 t·ha−1)and crude protein yield(1.85 t·ha^(−1)).In terms of nutritional quality,the variety with the highest whole plant crude protein content was Wenyu No.3(7.42%),while the variety with the highest crude ash content was Zhongketian 928(4.58%).Jingke 301 had the lowest neutral detergent fiber(28.87%)and acid detergent fiber(12.63%)contents.In terms of water and N resource use,Dongke 301 had the highest dry matter water use efficiency(77.0 kg·ha^(−1)·mm^(−1))and partial productivity of N fertilizer(161.2 kg·kg^(−1)).The grey correlation analysis showed that both the equal-weighted correlation and weighted correlation provided similar results and indicated that Yu silage 23,Wenyu No.3 and Dongke 301 had advantages of high yield,enhanced quality and water and N resources utilization.Thus,the three varieties can be recommended for cultivation in the Longdong dry Plateau area.

关 键 词：陇东旱塬区 青贮玉米 作物产量 营养品质 灰色关联分析法 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S548