地质环境健康适宜性评价指标体系与评价方法研究  

Index System and Evaluation Method of Geological Environment Suitability for Human Health

作　　者：焦杏春[1] 张照荷 方伟 李瑞敏 刘久臣[1] 贾文彬 JIAO Xingchun;ZHANG Zhaohe;FANG Wei;LI Ruimin;LIU Jiuchen;JIA Wenbin(National Research Center for Geoanalysis,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Natural Resources for Eco-Geochemistry,Beijing 100037,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geoscience(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Economics and Management,China University of Geoscience(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;China Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring,Chinese Geological Survey,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家地质实验测试中心,自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [3]中国地质大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京100083 [4]中国地质调查局中国地质环境监测院,北京100081

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2023年第3期433-444,共12页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771515);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(CSJ-2021-08);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(20211414)。

摘　　要：人的健康与地质环境息息相关,地质环境对人群健康的影响一直以来备受环境、地质、医学等多学科领域研究者的关注。在环境健康影响评估方面,已有的研究注重从化学物质或工程建设等单一视角对健康风险进行评估,而从地球系统角度综合评估地质环境健康影响的研究尚不多见。本文提出从环境地球化学、区域地质背景、气候状况及人为活动强度等多维度出发,开展基于复合视角的地质环境健康适宜性评价指标体系与评价方法研究。本文建立了地质健康指数(GHI)评价方法,该方法按照GHI得分情况,将区域地质环境的健康适宜性分为优(85分及以上)、良(75~85)、一般(60~75)、较差(50~60)和差五个等级,分别代表区域地质环境处于极适宜、适宜、较适宜、可能适宜与不适宜人群健康的状况。本文以浙江省安吉与龙游两县为例,对GHI法的应用进行了案例分析。GHI法评价结果显示,两地在“气候状况”、“地质背景”与“人类活动强度”等三个分指数上得分相当,而在“环境地球化学”分指数上存在较大分异。这是因为安吉富硒土地农产品在富硒的同时重金属超标严重,而龙游富硒土地则无此类现象。两地GHI总指数得分显示,安吉地质环境的人群健康适宜性处于“良”级(78.16分),而龙游则处于“优”级(85.50分)。调查发现,两地居民健康状况差异不大,居民平均预期寿命均优于全国平均水平,说明虽然安吉地质环境存在高Cd、Ni的地球化学特征,但富硒环境起到了一定弥补作用,使得安吉整体上仍处于“适宜”人群健康的水平。GHI评价方法能够从总体上考虑与人群健康相关的地质环境要素,客观反映区域地质环境的健康适宜性状况,评价结果可以为合理利用有益健康的地质资源,以及规避不利健康的地质风险提供指导。BACKGROUND:Human health is closely related to the geological environment.There’re various geological environment factors affecting human health in a composite way.Geological background characteristics,including tectonic structure,lithologic features,and landform configuration shape the living conditions of human being.Climate conditions and the spatial and temporal variation characteristics influence the comfortable level for habitation.More importantly,the direct and indirect impacts of elements and chemicals in rock,soil,water,and air and biosphere on human health are comprehensive and significant.In addition,various human activities have increasingly influenced geological substances and geological processes since the Industrial Revolution,which together with natural geological factors contribute to the unique public health characteristics of a region.(Fig.1).Quantifying the impact of geological environment on human health has always been a hot topic in the study of environment,geology,and other disciplines.In terms of environmental health impact assessment,many scholars or organizations have developed different evaluation indicator systems from different research perspectives.Existing studies focus on assessing health risks from a single perspective,such as chemical substances or engineering construction,while comprehensive evaluation of the health impact of the geological environment from the perspective of the earth system is still rare.In today’s world of rapid socio-economic development,the relationship between human health and geological environment is even more complex,and single methods of evaluating environmental and population health are increasingly inadequate to cope with the increasingly complex health factors.The study of the suitability of geological environment for human health is rapidly progressing under a new theoretical framework.

关 键 词：地质环境 人群健康 适宜性评价 地质健康指数(GHI) 环境健康影响评估 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]