2016-2021年贵州省市售食品中铅污染状况及主要膳食中铅暴露的健康风险评价  

Assessment of lead pollution in food sold in Guizhou and the health risk of lead exposure in main diets from 2016 to 2021

作　　者：何进 刘琳[2] 张黎黎 杨琪 廖鸿霞 汪俊华[1] 王娅芳[2] 张丽[1] HE Jin;LIU Ling;ZHANG Li-li;YANG Qi;LIAO Hong-xia;WANG Jun-hua;WANG Ya-fang;ZHANG Li(The key Laboratory of Enwvironmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,College of Public Health,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测评价研究所

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第12期2153-2157,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金(gzwkj2023-493)。

摘　　要：目的 了解贵州省市售食品中铅污染状况,对贵州居民主要膳食中铅的膳食暴露风险进行评价。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对贵州省2016-2021年市售食品中铅污染物监测数据进行分析,采用单因子污染指数法、暴露边界比(MOE)对食品中铅的污染水平及膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果 2016-2021年,贵州省共对8大类食品1 000份样品开展铅污染监测,8大类市售食品中铅含量均值为0.253 8 mg/kg,总检出率65.90%,合计超标率5.00%;苦丁茶,薯片/薯条等其他食品单因子污染指数大于0.6,其余食品单因子污染指数均小于0.6;主要膳食铅日均总暴露量为1.302 5μg/(kg·d),偏高暴露量为5.450 3μg/(kg·d);蔬菜类与谷物类及其制品贡献率之和为87.42%;合计MOE(平均、P_(95))均小于1,蔬菜类与谷物类及其制品MOE(P_(95))值小于1。结论 贵州省市售食品中除苦丁茶及薯片/薯条等其他食品等处轻度污染外,其余均处安全水平;膳食铅的主要来源为蔬菜和谷物类,贵州省居民经膳食途径摄入铅可能存在一定的铅累积康风险。Objective To investigate lead contamination in commercial food in Guizhou Province,and to assess the dietary exposure risk of lead in main diets of Guizhou residents.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the monitoring data of lead contamination in commercial food in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2021,and the single factor pollution index method and margin of exposure(MOE)were used to assess the level of lead contamination in food and its dietary exposure risk.Results From 2016 to 2021,lead pollution monitoring on 1000 samples of 8 categories of food was carried out in Guizhou Province.The average lead content in 8 categories of food sold in the market was 0.2538 mg/kg,with a total detection rate of 65.90%and a total exceeding rate of 5.00%.The single factor pollution indexes of Kudingcha,and other food such as potato chips/chips were greater than 0.6,while the single factor pollution indexes of other food were less than 0.6.The total daily average exposure of lead in main diets was 1.3025μg/(kg·d),and the higher exposure was 5.4503μg/(kg·d).The contribution rate of vegetables,cereals and their products in total was 87.42%.The total MOE(average and P_(95))were less than 1,and the MOE(P_(95))values of vegetables,cereals and their products were less than 1.Conclusion Except for the slight pollution of Kudingcha and other food such as potato chips/chips,other food sold in Guizhou Province are at safe level.The main sources of dietary lead are vegetables and cereals.The dietary intake of lead by residents in Guizhou Province may have a certain cumulative health risk of lead.

关 键 词：铅 膳食暴露评估 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]