中国西部青少年欺凌与自杀倾向的关系:焦虑的中介作用和孤独感的调节作用  

Bullying and suicidality among adolescents in western China:the mediating role of anxiety and moderating role of loneliness

作　　者：杨瑞希 唐程梦 张铭 刘琪娇 汤万杰 李诗颖[4] 李雨辰[5] 刘巧兰 YANG Rui-xi;TANG Cheng-meng;ZHANG Ming;LIU Qi-jiao;TANG Wan-jie;LI Shi-ying;LI Yu-chen;LIU Qiao-lan(Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康行为与社会医学系,四川成都610041 [2]重庆市渝北区疾病预防控制中心 [3]四川大学心理健康教育中心 [4]四川大学公共管理学院社会学与心理系 [5]四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第12期2172-2178,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82273745);四川大学中央高校基本业务费“培育基金”(20826041C4234)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨焦虑在欺凌和自杀倾向之间的中介作用,并在此基础上检验孤独感对该中介作用的调节效应。方法 利用随机整群抽样法选取西部地区的汉藏彝青少年进行自填式问卷调查,采用结构方程模型分析并构建有调节的中介模型。结果 共纳入3 001名青少年。欺凌正向预测自杀倾向(β=0.230,P<0.001);焦虑在欺凌和自杀倾向之间起部分中介作用(间接效应β=0.095,P<0.001);孤独感同时调节“欺凌→焦虑→自杀倾向”中介路径的前段和后段,但是没有调节欺凌与自杀倾向的直接效应。孤独感低的个体中,焦虑在欺凌与自杀倾向的关系中的间接效应为0.020(95%CI:0.008~0.041),而在孤独感高的个体中,间接效应为0.105(95%CI:0.074~0.147)。结论 欺凌可直接影响西部青少年的自杀倾向,也可以通过焦虑间接作用于自杀倾向,孤独感能调节焦虑的中介作用。可通过降低青少年的焦虑和孤独感,进而减少因欺凌导致的自杀倾向。Objective To explore the mediating effect of anxiety between bullying and suicidality,and to verify the moderating effect of loneliness on the mediating effect.Methods Adolescents from Han,Tibetan,and Yi in western China were included by cluster random sampling method and completed a self-filled questionnaire in this study.A structural equation model was performed and a moderated mediation model was constructed for analysis.Results A total of 3001 adolescents were enrolled in this study.Bullying was positively associated with suicidality(β=0.230,P<0.001);anxiety partially mediated the relationship between bullying and suicidality(indirect effectβ=0.095,P<0.001);loneliness moderated both the front and the back of the mediating path of"bullying→anxiety→suicidality",but it did not moderate the direct effect of bullying to suicidality.The mediating effect of anxiety on the relationship between bullying and suicidality was 0.020(95% CI:0.008-0.041)among adolescents with low levels of loneliness,while among adolescents with high levels of loneliness,the mediating effect was 0.105(95% CI:0.074-0.147).Conclusion Bullying can directly affect suicidality among adolescents in Western China,and it can also indirectly affect suicidality by increasing anxiety.Loneliness can moderate the mediating effect of anxiety.The suicidality caused by bullying can be reduced by reducing the anxiety and loneliness of adolescents.

关 键 词：欺凌 自杀倾向 多民族青少年 中介效应 调节效应 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]