Brooks的乳酸简史——从研究者视角探讨运动“代谢物”的认识过程和方法  

Lactate History of Brooks:Exploration into Processes and Methods of Understanding Exercise“Metabolites”Based on Perspective of Researchers

作　　者：漆正堂[1,2] 朱钰鹏 刘微娜[1,2] QI Zhengtang;ZHU Yupeng;LIU Weina(Key Lab of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education,East China Normal Univ.,Shanghai 200241,China;School of P.E.&Health,East China Normal Univ.,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学青少年健康评价与运动干预教育部重点实验室,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2023年第6期68-76,共9页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32271174)。

摘　　要：George A,Brooks的突出贡献是对乳酸的研究,他推翻了希尔的氧债假说,创立和发展了乳酸穿梭学说,并得到了运动生理学界内外的普遍认可。搜集Brooks近50年的论文、新闻以及同行争议与评价,从认识论角度梳理其对乳酸的研究历史和观点,基于研究者视角树立运动“代谢物”的认识过程和方法。Brooks认为,乳酸具有能量底物、电子载体、信号分子三重角色,乳酸变化在不同生理环境下产生截然不同的效益。Brooks的乳酸简史从认识论和方法论上都给我们以深刻启示和教训,对运动“代谢物”的认识切忌片面化和主观的价值导向。在面对很多实验结果时有必要事先推定,运动内源性“代谢物”具有多重角色,只有在特定生理或病理条件下表现“好”与“坏”。运动生理学家须致力于用运动刺激的特殊模型,揭示深层次、普适性的生理学机制,对运动生理、健康生理、病理生理给予统一解释,从繁杂的实验结论中创造与实验数据吻合的学说。George A Brooks’outstanding contribution was the study of lactic acid.He overturned Hill’s oxygen debt hypothesis and developed the lactate shuttle theory,which has been widely approved by the sports physiology and outside the field.In this study,Brooks’papers,news,peer controversy and evaluation in the past 50 years were reviewed,the research history of lactate from the perspective of epistemology was studied in order to establish the understanding process and method of sports“metabolites”from the perspective of researchers.Brooks believed that lactate played the triple role of energy substrate,electron carrier and signal molecule,and lactate changes produced radically different benefits under different physiological environments.Brooks’brief history of lactate lay profound enlightenment and experience for both epistemology and methodology,and the understanding of sports“metabolites”should not be partial and subjective value-oriented.In the face of experimental results,it was necessary to assume in advance that endogenous“metabolites”of exercise had multiple roles and only became“good”or“bad”under certain physiological or pathological conditions.Exercise physiologists should devote themselves to using special models of exercise stimulation to reveal deep and universal physiological mechanisms,to give unified explanations of exercise physiology,health physiology and pathophysiology,and to create theories consistent with experimental data from experimental conclusions.

关 键 词：Brooks 乳酸 乳酸穿梭 分子 运动 运动生理学 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]