“尊师”与“献金”:战后上海市教育局的“尊师”困境  

Respect teachers and contributions:Shanghai Education Bureau’s“respect teachers”predicament after the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

作　　者：魏晓锴[1] WEI Xiaokai(School of History and Culture,Shanxi University,Shanxi 030006,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期140-151,共12页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“战后上海摊贩问题研究(1945—1949)”(22FZSB057)。

摘　　要：抗战胜利后,国统区经济形势日趋严峻,上海作为全国经济中心情况尤为严重,物价指数与工资严重脱节,公教人员大受影响,引发市立中学教师怠教。以市校教师怠教事件为契机,上海市教育局发起成立尊师运动委员会,“尊师”运动开始发轫。运动开展后,上海市教育局与尊师运动委员会互相配合,教育局以“尊师金”担保贷款并发起募捐,尊师运动委员会以“尊师”为号召广泛发动义募,成为当时舆论焦点。市政当局不遗余力,明星名人上阵义募,万名学生沿街劝募,尊师募捐掀起高潮。政府主导的“义募”带动了社会自发的“自募”,“募”的热情大大激发,而“捐”的热情却难升华。募捐本应出于自愿,在尊师运动中,屡屡出现学校借尊师之名强令学生家长“献金”之事。随着以“尊师”为名之“献金”由私校扩展到市校,“尊师金”变为了上海各中小学常规性的征收款项。“尊师金”变“捐”为“收”,由自觉性募捐成为公开性收费,尊师运动发生“变奏”。为改善和提高教师待遇,借着尊师运动这股东风,上海市教育局决定由市立学校公开向学生家长征收“尊师金”。教育局出台公开征收尊师金政策,遭到家长和舆论的强烈反对,仅仅一月即在市参议会议决下停征。捐款分配矛盾重重,强制“献金”不再重开。市政当局陷入既要提高教师待遇又难以突破财政困局,既想改善教师生活又无法强制献金的双重困境中。After the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,the economic situation in districts ruled by Kuomintang became increasingly severe,and the situation in Shanghai,as the economic center of the country,was even more serious.The price index was seriously out of line with the salary,which greatly affected the public education personnel and led to the teachers’boycott in the city middle schools.Shanghai Education Bureau initiated the establishment of the Committee of the Respect for Teachers Movement,taking the incident of teachers’boycott in municipal schools as an opportunity,and the campaign began to take off.After the movement was launched,Shanghai Education Bureau cooperated with the Committee of the Respect for Teachers Movement.The Education Bureau guaranteed loans with the“respect for teachers fund”and initiated fundraising.The Committee of the Respect for Teachers Movement launched a broad fundraising campaign with the call of“respect for teachers”,which became the focus of public opinion at that time.The municipal authorities spared no effort,stars and celebrities were voluntary to raise,thousands of students raised along the street,and fundraising for teachers raised a climax.The government-led“charity fundraising”has led to the spontaneous“self-fundraising”of the society,and the enthusiasm for“fundraising”has been greatly stimulated,but the enthusiasm for“donation”was difficult to sublimate.Fundraising should be voluntary.In the respect for teachers movement,schools often force parents to“donate money”in the name of respect for teachers.With the expansion of“donation”in the name of“respect for teachers”from private schools to city schools,“respect for teachers”has become a regular collection of funds for primary and secondary schools in Shanghai.The“teacher respect fund”changed from“donation”to“receiving”,and from self-conscious fundraising to public fees,the movement of respect for teachers took place“variat

关 键 词：战后 上海市教育局 尊师运动 尊师献金 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]