“用”的情态意义及相关构式研究  

A Study on Modal Meaning and Related Construction of"Yong"(用)

作　　者：王冬梅[1] 赵志强[1] WANG Dongmei;ZHAO Zhiqiang(School of Humanity and Law,Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院文法学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《保定学院学报》2023年第4期63-69,共7页Journal of Baoding University

基　　金：教育部中外语言交流合作中心2021年国际中文教育研究课题一般项目“面向语法偏误分析的语义和谐解释模型的构建与实践”(21YH57C)。

摘　　要：“用”可以表示“必要”和“许可”两种情态意义,前者属于施事指向情态,后者属于说话人指向情态。两种情态意义与其出现的语境相和谐,在当代的普通话语体中“许可”义主要用于祈使句,句中不能使用过去时间词。“用”表道义情态主要分布于六种具有不同特征的构式,“用”主要出现在陈述语气的句子中,见于叙事语体中。“用”的否定、疑问、肯定三种用法在上古汉语中就已出现,相关情态构式在构式化后期存在一些变化,其构式变化是语法化的表现。"Yong"(用)can express two modal meanings of"necessity"and"permission".The former belongs to agent-oriented modality,and the latter belongs to speaker-oriented modality.The two modal meanings should be harmonious with the context in which they appear.The meaning of"permission"is mainly used in imperative sentences in contemporary Mandarin,and it can't use past time words in its sentences.The deontic modality expressed by"Yong"is mainly distributed in six constructions with different characteristics."Yong"mainly appears in the sentences of declarative mood and in the narrative style.The negative,interrogative and affirmative uses of"Yong"have appeared in ancient Chinese.There are some changes in the construction of relative modality in the later stage of constructionalization.Its construction change is the manifestation of grammaticalization.

关 键 词：“用” 道义情态 构式 语义和谐 

分 类 号：H042[语言文字—语言学]