阔叶丰花草对华南丘陵果园土壤微生物群落结构的影响  

Effects of Borreria latifolia on Microbial Community Structure Characteristics in Hilly Orchards in South China

作　　者：张泰劼[1] 张纯[1] 郭文磊 田兴山[1] ZHANG Taijie;ZHANG Chun;GUO Wenlei;TIAN Xingshan(Institute of Plant Protection,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第17期26-36,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“热带果树化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0202100);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“基于阔叶丰花草有效控制华南果园恶性杂草成灾的化感机理”(32001924);广东省科技计划项目“广东省农田生态系统除草剂安全使用科学观测研究站”(2019B121201003);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队“植物重大灾害预警共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目”(2021KJ113);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)“优秀博士项目”(R2017YJ-YB3003)。

摘　　要：为了明确华南丘陵果园种植阔叶丰花草(Borreria latifolia)对土壤的生态效应,以清耕和自然生草为对照,研究了丘陵荔枝园种植阔叶丰花草对土壤基本理化指标和土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:相对于自然生草和清耕对照,阔叶丰花草处理显著提高土壤有机质和速效氮含量。与清耕对照相比,阔叶丰花草和自然生草处理显著提高土壤细菌香农和辛普森指数多样性指数,但对真菌的α多样性影响不显著。细菌Chao1和谱系多样性指数与土壤速效钾呈正相关,而真菌香农指数与土壤有机质呈正相关。荔枝园土壤检测到44个细菌门类,其中酸杆菌门(23.63%~34.87%)、变形菌门(20.62%~28.57%)、绿弯菌门(9.64%~23.85%)为优势细菌门;检测到13个真菌门类,其中子囊菌门(55.97%~69.67%)、担子菌门(7.28%~10.94%)、球囊菌门(1.15%~3.41%)为优势真菌门。从真菌属水平来看,阔叶丰花草处理土壤古根菌属相对丰度占20.91%,与自然生草和清耕对照的差异达到极显著水平。优势微生物类群相对丰度和土壤理化性质的冗余分析结果表明,土壤有机质、速效氮和速效钾对细菌和真菌群落结构的影响较大。综上所述,华南丘陵果园种植阔叶丰花草可提高土壤营养水平,改善土壤细菌和真菌群落结构和多样性。To explore the ecological effects of planting Borreria latifolia on soil nutrients and microbes in hilly orchards of south China,the effects of sod culture with Borreria latifolia in a hilly litchi orchard on soil basic physicochemical indexes and soil microbial communities were compared with those of sod culture with natural grass and clear tillage.The results showed that compared with natural grass and clear tillage,sod culture with Borreria latifolia significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and available nitrogen.Sod culture with Borreria latifolia and natural grass significantly increased the soil bacterial Shannon and Simpson diversity indices relative to the clear tillage,but had no significant effect on theα-diversity of fungi.The bacterial Chao1 and PD_whole_tree indices were positively correlated with soil available potassium,and the fungal Shannon index was positively correlated with soil organic matter.A total of 44 bacterial phyla were detected in soil of the litchi orchard,among which Acidobacteria(23.63%-34.87%),Proteobacteria(20.62%-28.57%)and Chloroflexi(9.64%-23.85%)were the dominant bacterial phyla.A total of 13 fungal phyla were detected,among which Ascomycota(55.97%-69.67%),Basidiomycota(7.28%-10.94%)and Glomeromycota(1.15%-3.41%)were the dominant fungal phyla.For fungi at the level of genus,the relative abundance of Archaeorhizomyces in the soil treated with Borreria latifolia accounted for 20.91%,which was dramatically greater than those in the soil of sod culture with natural grass and clear tillage.The redundancy analysis of the relative abundance of dominant microbial groups and soil physicochemical properties showed that soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium had greater impacts on bacterial and fungal community structure.To sum up,sod culture with Borreria latifolia in hilly orchards of south China could increase soil nutrient levels,and improve soil bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity.

关 键 词：阔叶丰花草 丘陵果园 土壤养分 土壤微生物 古根菌属 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]