“三曹”的文学实绩与文学史地位再评价  

On San-Cao’s Literary Achievements and Status in Literary History

作　　者：李健 LI Jian

机构地区：[1]深圳大学美学与文艺批评研究院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2023年第4期119-130,138,共13页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国诗歌的语言艺术原理及其历史生成规律”(18ZDA279)。

摘　　要：活跃在汉末魏初文坛的曹操、曹丕、曹植父子,被后世称之为“三曹”。他们不仅是杰出的文学家,更是卓越的政治家和思想家。作为文学家,他们成就卓著,各有侧重。曹操擅长四言诗,诗风气韵沉雄,慷慨悲凉,开启了一个时代的文学风气,奠基一种新的气象,引领时代的审美风尚;曹丕的五言、七言、杂言诗创作显示了杰出的才能,他的诗“便娟婉约,能移人情”,尤为可贵的是,他的文学批评才能非常突出,提出的“文气”说理论意义重大,开辟了一个文学批评的崭新时代;曹植“骨气奇高,辞采华茂”,诗歌、辞赋创作成就很大,不仅完善了传统的文学形式,而且充实了风骨的美学内涵,成为时代的文学高峰。“三曹”与“七子”等人一道,开创了中国文学史上的辉煌时代,建安文学、黄初文学都成为文学史上的光辉里程碑。作为中国文学史上一流的文学家,他们的成就不仅体现在文学创作方面,而且还体现在思想和审美方面。他们继承诗骚传统,同时又超越了诗骚传统,丰富并完善了中国古代文学,充实了中国文学的意涵,开拓出一种新的诗学和审美精神。The father and son of Cao Cao,Cao Pi,and Cao Zhi,who were active in the literary arena of the late Han and early Wei dynasties,were later called San-Cao.They are not only outstanding writers,but also outstanding politicians and thinkers.As writers,they have achieved remarkable achievements and each has their own emphasis.Cao Cao is good at Si-yan poetry,with a poetic style that is deep and majestic,generous and desolate,opening up a literary atmosphere of an era,laying the foundation for a new atmosphere,and leading the aesthetic trend of the era;Cao Pi's Wu-yan,Qi-yan,and Miscellaneousyan poetry shows outstanding talent.His poetry is“gorgeous and graceful,capable of moving people’s emotions”,and his literary criticism ability is particularly outstanding.The theory of Wenqi proposed is of great significance,opening up a new era of literary criticism;Cao Zhi’s poetry is“Strong Guqi,magnificent language”.He has achieved great success in poetry and prose creation,not only improving traditional literary forms but also enriching the aesthetic connotation of his character,becoming a literary peak of the times.The San-Cao,along with the Qi-Zi and others,created a glorious era in the history of Chinese literature,with Jian'an literature and Huangchu literature becoming glorious milestones in the history of literature.As first-class literary figures in the history of Chinese literature,their achievements are not only reflected in literary creation,but also in ideological and aesthetic aspects.They inherit the tradition of poetry and poetry,while also surpassing it,enriching and improving ancient Chinese literature,enriching the meaning of Chinese literature,developing a new poetic and aesthetic spirit,making outstanding contributions,and holding a noble position.

关 键 词：“三曹” 建安文学 风骨 文学实绩 文学史地位 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]