严复的自由主义——论社会政治自由  

Yan Fu’s Liberalism:Social and Political Liberty

作　　者：张诗羽 ZHANG Shiyu

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2023年第4期150-160,共11页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第15批特别资助(站中)项目(2022T150419)。

摘　　要：严复对自由的理解问题一直是学界存在而未决的争论之一。本文透过对严复思想中社会政治自由观念的分析,提出了对严复自由观念的新解读。本文认为,严复始终坚持个人的主体地位,对个人自由作为终极价值的认同毋庸置疑,也提出国家和社会不应干涉个人自由。但是,他对自由社会政治意义的理解主要在两个方面区别于以密尔为代表的西方古典自由主义,其一是关注个人为主体的主动性,其二是对自由的理解出现了实证和规范的分野。在规范意义上,严复受传统文化的影响,他着重于分析个人作为主体主动应负的角色、应尽的责任和应提升的能力;而从实证的角度分析,他又认为国家权力的大小取决于具体情境的需要,不需要限制。严复虽然认同自由主义以个人为出发点、以个人自由为目的地;但是却在对自由政治意义的解读上走上了强调个人能力和道德责任,忽略限制国家权力的独特道路。This article analyses Yan Fu’s understandings of social and political liberty,arguing that Yan was aware of the core of western classic liberalism while he differed himself in two ways.Though Yan understood that the core of liberalism is individualism,focusing on the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society and state over the individual,he paid his attention more on individuals’own capacities and responsibilities in social and political life than on the limits of external power.On the other hand,while he agreed that social and political liberty is normatively valuable in itself,he argued that the scope and degree of state power is an empirical issue determined by actual needs.Overall,though Yan understood and endorsed the value of social and political liberty of individuals,he emphasized on the capability and responsibility of the individuals and approved the unrestrained state power when necessary.

关 键 词：严复 自由主义 政治 传统文化 

分 类 号：D0-02[政治法律—政治学] D081