藏传佛教“道次第”理论中国化之历史考察  

A Historical Investigation of the Localization of the Theory of"the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment"in Tibetan Buddhism

作　　者：周拉[1] vBrug lha

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学藏学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国藏学》2023年第2期23-32,214,共11页China Tibetology

摘　　要：文章从宗教“本土化”“中国化”的理论视角,对藏传佛教“道次第”理论的形成过程进行研究,提出藏传佛教“道次第”理论经过3个历史发展阶段。公元8世纪末,莲花戒撰写的《修习次第论》三篇作为吐蕃佛教“道次第”理论的雏形,开创了藏传佛教“道次第”理论之先河;公元10—13世纪,阿底峡《菩提道灯论》进一步完善了“道次第”理论框架和基本内容,博多瓦、卓垅巴等噶当派学者关于“道次第”的学说,推进了藏传佛教“道次第”理论本土化进程;公元15世纪,宗喀巴《菩提道次第广论》的问世,标志着藏传佛教“道次第”理论体系构建臻至完善。由此可见,经过3个阶段的发展创新,藏传佛教“道次第”理论从语言表述、思维方式、隐喻修辞、理论特色等方面实现了本土化,形成了具有中国特色的佛教理论体系,为推进藏传佛教中国化和藏传佛教教义阐释工作提供了值得借鉴的历史经验。From the theoretical perspective of developing religions in the Chinese context,this paper studies the formation process of the theory of"the stages of the path to enlightenment"in Tibetan Buddhism,and proposes that this theory has gone through three stages of development.At the end of the 8th century,Kamalas ila's Stages of Meditation(bsGom pavi rim pa),as the embryonic form of the theory of"the stages of the path to enlightenment"in Tubo Buddhism,created a precedent of the theory of"the stages of the path to enlightenment"in Tibetan Buddhism.From the 1Oth to the 13th centuries,Atisha's Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment(Byang chub lam gyisgron ma)further improved the theoretical framework and basic content of"the stages of the path to enlightenment".Kadampa scholars such as Botoba and Grolungpa promoted the localization of the theory of"the stages of the path to enlightenment"in Tibetan Buddhism.In the 15th century,Tsongkhapa's The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path of Enlightenment(Byang chub lam rim chen mo)marked the peak of the theoretical system of"the stages of the path to enlightenment"of Tibetan Buddhism.It can be seen that after the three phases of development and innovation,the theory of""the stages of the path to enlightenment"of Tibetan Buddhism has realized localization in terms of language expression,mode of thinking,metaphor and rhetoric,and theoretical features,forming a theoretical system of Buddhism with Chinese characteristics,providing historical experience worth reference for promoting the development of Tibetan Buddhism in the Chinese context and the interpretation of Tibetan Buddhist teachings.

关 键 词：藏传佛教中国化 “道次第”理论 《修习次第论》 《菩提道灯论》 《菩提道次第广论》 

分 类 号：B946.6[哲学宗教—宗教学]