学龄前儿童近视临床前期相关因素分析  

Risk factors associated with pre-myopia among preschool children

作　　者：邓益斌[1] 王晓银 王惠敏[1] 门大伟[3] 王丁 叶炼[4] DENG Yibin;WANG Xiaoyin;WANG Huimin;MEN Dawei;WANG Ding;YE Lian(Department of Pediatrics,Sichuan Science City Hospital,Mianyang(621900),Sichuan Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]四川省科学城医院儿科,绵阳621900 [2]成都中医药大学附属医院妇产科 [3]四川省科学城医院眼科 [4]四川省科学城医院医保科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第6期893-896,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：绵阳市卫生健康委员会科研立项(202031)。

摘　　要：目的 了解学龄前儿童近视临床前期现患率,分析其相关因素,为针对学龄前儿童近视防控政策的制定提供客观依据。方法 于2022年5月采取整群抽样方法,选取绵阳市科学城地区1 070名幼儿园学龄前儿童。通过屈光度检测获取儿童的视力水平,同时发放调查问卷,采用χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析近视临床前期的主要相关因素。结果 学龄前儿童近视临床前期现患率为67.01%,其中男童为66.30%,女童为67.76%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.26,P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母至少一方近视、近距离用眼习惯、每天户外活动时间<2 h、睡眠不足、每天看电子屏幕时间≥1 h均与近视临床前期的发生正性相关(OR值分别为1.62,1.46,1.46,1.38,1.53,P值均<0.01)。结论 科学城地区学龄前儿童近视临床前期现患率较高。家长、幼儿园和相关部门应重视学龄前儿童视力情况,增加户外活动时间、保证充足的睡眠,培养学龄前儿童科学的用眼卫生习惯。Objective To understand the prevalence rate of pre-myopia among preschoolers and its associated factors,so as to provide a basis for the formulation of myopia prevention and control policies.Methods In May 2022,a tatol of 1070 preschoolers in the Science City Area of Mianyang City were selected by using a cluster sampling method.The visual acuity of preschool children was obtained through refractive examination,and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate associated factors of myopia in the preclinical stage by Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results The prevalence rate of pre-myopia in preschoolers was 67.01%,including 66.30% for boys and 67.76% for girls.There was no significant difference by sex(χ^(2)=0.26,P>0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that at least one parent with myopia,too much near work activities,time spent on outdoor activity<2 h per day,lack of sleep,and screen time≥1 h per day were positively correlated with the occurrence of pre-myopia(OR=1.62,1.46,1.46,1.38,1.53,P<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of pre-myopia among preschool children in Science City Area is high.It is suggested that parents,kindergartens and relevant departments should pay attention to the visual status of preschoolers,increase outdoor activities,ensure adequate sleep and train preschoolers to develop scientific eye hygiene habits.

关 键 词：近视 患病率 回归分析 儿童 学龄前 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科] R179[医药卫生—临床医学] R193