典型稀土矿区植被对重金属、稀土元素和放射性核素富集特征研究  

Study on Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metals,Rare Earth Elements and Radionuclides in Vegetation of Rare Earth Mining Area

作　　者：魏光普 张彦妮[2] 于晓燕 高耀辉 吴雨彤 WEI Guang-pu;ZHANG Yan-ni;YU Xiao-yan;GAO Yao-hui;WU Yu-tong(School of Architecture,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;College of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150006,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学建筑学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006

出　　处：《稀土》2023年第3期74-85,I0005,共13页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目[2021MS(LH)4256];中国博士后基金项目(2021M690570);内蒙古自治区关键技术攻关计划项目(2020GG0227)。

摘　　要：露天矿山开采产生的重金属和放射性核素富集在矿区的植物体内,导致植被出现退化、死亡的情况。以内蒙古白云鄂博矿区植被为研究对象,通过植被和群落多样性调查发现,矿区内植物种类共计14科18属27种,其中以豆科(Leguminosae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)和松科(Pinaceae)为主,分别占包头市植物科、属、种总数的15.79%、6.32%、3.20%;通过植物群落的多度、频度和重要值筛选出优势植物为:短花针茅(Stipa bre⁃viflora Griseb.)、青蒿(Artemisia carvifolia Buch.⁃Ham.ex Roxb.Hort.Beng.)、直立黄耆(Astragalus adsurgens Pall.)、银背风毛菊(Saussurea nivea)和披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.)。利用灰色关联分析法发现,土壤污染物对上述5种优势植物根系中污染物含量影响较大。测定了优势植物的地下器官、地上器官和根际土壤的重金属、稀土元素、放射性核素含量,结果表明,5种优势植物的富集系数、转运系数、根滞留系数均小于1,植物富集、转运重金属元素的能力依次为Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu,富集、转运铈元素和钍核素的能力优于镧元素和铀核素。This study was intended to conduct a quantitative study on the effects of the plants in the open⁃pit mine in In⁃ner Mongolia on the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals,light rare earth elements and radionuclide.The plants in the fence of Bayan Obo Mine served as the basis for the research.Firstly,the plant diversity was investigated byα⁃Method,27 species of plants belonging to 18 genera and 14 families were found.Leguminosae,Asteraceae,Gramineae and Pinaceae are the main families,in which Leguminosae accounted for 15.79%of the total plant families,genera and species in Baotou city,Asteraceae 6.32%,and Gramineae and Pinaceae 3.20%.Through the analysis of plant community diversity,five dominant plants were selected,including Stipa breviflora,Artemisia carvifolia,Astragalus adsurgens,Saussurea nivea and Elymus dahuricus.Then,the contents of heavy metals,light rare earth elements and radionuclides in the plant subterranean organ,o⁃verground organ and rhizosphere soil were measured by ICP and gamma spectrometer.Lastly,the enrichment ability of domi⁃nant plants was analyzed by bioconcentration factor,translocation factor and root detention coefficient.The coefficients of these 5 plants were all less than 1.The order of heavy metal enrichment and transportation ability of plants was Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu.Al⁃so,the ability of Ce and Th enrichment and transportation was better than that of La and U.

关 键 词：植物多样性 重金属元素 放射性核素 富集特征 露天矿山 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53