论李退溪对朱子哲学的发展及其在理学史上的地位  

On li Tuixi's development of Zhu Xi's philosophy and its position in the history of Neo-Confucianism

作　　者：陈来[1] Chen Lai

机构地区：[1]清华大学国学研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2023年第6期133-141,192,共10页DongYue Tribune

摘　　要：李退溪是韩国朝鲜王朝时代的朱子学大家,一生以继承、捍卫朱子学说为己任,并对朱子学多有新阐发。在理气问题上,李退溪不认同朱子理“无造作”的观点,强调理有能动性,肯定理自身能动静,并以理之动静为气之动静、生发的根源和依据。在性情观上,李退溪以四端七情对举,认为就初始根源说,“四端发于理,七情发于气”;就现实情感说,则四端七情无不兼乎理气,区别在二者的根源与构成方式不同。在“格物”问题上,朱子主张“物格者,物理之极处无不到也”,李退溪则认为“物格理到”,以本体论的方式去处理这一本来属于知识论的问题,从而使得这一问题成了显示退溪“理学”本体论思维的一个问题。退溪对朱子思想有深刻理解,对其内在不圆满之处也给出了积极的解决方案。退溪哲学表明了朝鲜理学的完全成熟,意味着朱子学的中心已转移到朝鲜,并获得新的生机和活力,推动了东亚儒学的进一步发展。Li Tuixi,a great Confucian in the Korean Dynasty,inherited and definded Zhu Xi's theory all his life,and elucidate the thoughts of Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism.On the issue of Li-Qi,Li Tuixi did not agree with Zhu Xi's point of view of"no artificial creation"of Li,stressing that Li has initiative,affirming that Li can move by itself,and taking the activity and tranquility of Li as the source and basis of Qi's activity,tranquility and growth.In the concept of Xing-Qing,Li Tuixi cited the Four Origins and Seven Emotions.He believed that in terms of the initial source,"Four Origins derive from Li and the Seven Emotions derive from Qi".In terms of realistic emotion,the Four Origins and Seven Emotions all derives from matter and carries principle,while the difference lies in their different origins and ways of composition.On the issue of"Gewu",Zhu Xi claimed that"Gewu means the principle of things is thoroughly investigated",while Li Tuixi believed that it meant""the principle of things is known by study",and dealt with this originally epistemological problem in an ontological way,thus shows the ontological thinking of Tuixi's"Neo-Confucianism".Li Tuixi had a deep understanding of Zhu Xi's thought and offered positive solutions to its inner imperfections.Li Tuixi's philosophy showed the complete maturity of Neo-Confucianism in Korea,which meant that the center of Zhu Xi's theory had been transferred to Korea and gained new vigor and vitality,which promoted the further development of Confucianism in East Asia.

关 键 词：李退溪 朱子 理气动静 四端七情 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]