瑕疵证据与非法证据认定的误区与厘清  

Misunderstanding and Clarification: Identification of Defective Evidence and Illegal Evidence

作　　者：刘文涛 姜慧 刘渺 LIU Wentao;JIANG Hui;LIU Miao(School of Law,Sichuan University,Chengdu Sichuan,610207,China;The People’s Procuratorate of Neijiang City,Neijiang Sichuan,641199,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610207 [2]四川省内江市人民检察院,四川内江641199

出　　处：《西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期78-87,共10页Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：非法证据排除规则和瑕疵证据补正规则是司法机关维护司法公正、防范冤假错案的重要着力点。当前,我国非法证据与瑕疵证据的认定存在非法证据排除申请高度依赖律师参与、非法证据认定比例低且以言词证据为主、瑕疵证据认定比例较高且以实物证据为主等特点,面临混淆非法证据排除规则与瑕疵证据补正规则、因“可能影响公正审判”标准难以把握导致非法证据降格处理、瑕疵证据补正方式不规范等问题。为了进一步完善我国刑事诉讼证据制度,维护司法公正和社会正义,应当明确界定瑕疵证据的具体形态、补正方式和范围,明晰部分证据种类的排除规则,同时发挥检察机关的审前过滤功能,落实庭审实质化。The rules of illegal evidence exclusion and the rules of defective evidence correction are the important for judicial organs to safeguard judicial justice and prevent unjust,false or wrong cases.At present,the identification of illegal evidence and defective evidence in China has the characteristics that the application for exclusion of illegal evidence relies heavily on lawyers’participation,the proportion of illegal evidence identification is low and is mainly based on verbal evidence,and the proportion of defective evidence identification is high and is mainly based on physical evidence.Such practice leads to problems,such as confusing the rules for exclusion of illegal evidence with the rules for correction of defective evidence,degrading illegal evidence due to the difficulty in determining“possible effect on fair trial”,and irregular ways for correction of defective evidence.In order to further improve the evidence system of criminal proceedings in China and safeguard judicial justice and social justice,we should clearly define the specific form,correction mode and scope of defective evidence,clarify the exclusion rules of certain evidence types,and at the same time give full play to the pre-trial filtering function of procuratorial organs to implement the substantive trial.

关 键 词：非法证据 瑕疵证据 违法取证 非法证据排除规则 瑕疵证据补正规则 

分 类 号：DF713[政治法律—诉讼法学]