不同种类蔬菜重金属富集特征及健康风险  

Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Health Risk in Different Vegetables

作　　者：祁浩 庄坚 庄重 王琪 万亚男 李花粉 QI Hao;ZHUANG Jian;ZHUANG Zhong;WANG Qi;WAN Ya-nan;LI Hua-fen(BejingKey LabratoryofFarmland SoilPollution Prevention and RemediationColleeof Reoure and Enionmental Scienes,China gricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第6期3600-3608,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-23-B-15);云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090029)。

摘　　要：蔬菜中重金属累积引发的健康风险逐渐被重视.通过文献查阅与实地样品采集,搭建了我国蔬菜-土壤系统重金属元素含量数据库,系统地分析了我国蔬菜可食部位中7项重金属含量特征和不同种类蔬菜对重金属的生物累积能力.此外,采用蒙特卡罗模拟评估了通过摄入4种类型蔬菜导致的非致癌健康风险.蔬菜可食部位ω(Cd)、ω(As)、ω(Pb)、ω(Cr)、ω(Hg)、ω(Cu)和ω(Zn)的平均值分别为0.093、0.024、0.137、0.118、0.007、0.622和3.272 mg·kg^(-1),其中5种有害元素的超标率为:Pb(18.5%)>Cd(12.9%)>Hg(11.5%)>Cr(4.03%)>As(0.21%).叶菜类蔬菜表现出较高的Cd富集能力,根茎类蔬菜表现出较高的Pb富集能力,其富集系数的平均值分别为0.264和0.262,而豆类蔬菜和茄果类蔬菜表现出较低的重金属富集能力.健康风险结果表明,蔬菜摄入的单项元素非致癌风险在可接受范围,其中儿童的健康风险高于成人.单项元素非致癌风险HQ平均值表现为:Pb>Hg>Cd>As>Cr.4类蔬菜中多元素综合非致癌风险HI表现为:叶菜类>根茎类>豆类>茄果类.在重金属污染地区,根据土壤污染程度选择性种植重金属低富集蔬菜可以有效降低重金属摄入的健康风险.The health risk caused by heavy metal accumulation in vegetables is of great concern.In this study,a database of heavy metal content in a vegetable-soil system in China was constructed through literature review and field sample collection.A systematic analysis of seven heavy metal contents in edible parts of vegetables and their bioaccumulation capacity among different vegetables was also performed.Additionally,the non-carcinogenic health risks of four types vegetables were assessed by using Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).The mean values of Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Hg,Cu,and Zn in the edible parts of the vegetables were 0.093,0.024,0.137,0.118,0.007,0.622,and 3.272 mg·kg^(-1),and the exceedance rates of the five toxic elements were:Pb(18.5%)>Cd(12.9%)>Hg(11.5%)>Cr(4.03%)>As(0.21%).Leafy vegetables showed high Cd enrichment,and root vegetables showed high Pb enrichment,with mean bioconcentration factors of 0.264 and 0.262,respectively.Generally,legumes vegetables and solanaceous vegetables showed lower bioaccumulation for heavy metals.The health risk results indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk for single elements of vegetable intake was within the acceptable range,with the health risk for children being higher than that for adults.The mean non-carcinogenic risk for single elements were:Pb>Hg>Cd>As>Cr.The multi-element combined non-carcinogenic risks of four types vegetables were:leafy vegetables>root vegetables>legume vegetables>solanaceous vegetables.Planting lower-heavy metal bioaccumulation vegetables in heavy metal-contaminated farmland is an effective method to minimize the health risk.

关 键 词：蔬菜 重金属 生物富集系数 蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS) 健康风险 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4