喀斯特地区不同土地利用类型土壤节肢动物的群落结构:以贵阳市为例  

Community Structure of Soil Arthropod Under Different Land Use Types in Karst Region:Taking Guiyang as an example

作　　者：杨大星 董逸夕 李灿 YANG Daxing;DONG Yixi;LI Can(College of Biological and Environmental Engineering,Guiyang University/Guizhou Key Laboratory of Rare Animals and Economic Insects in Mountainous Areas/Guizhou Center for Conservation and Efficient Utilization of Mountainous Biological Resources,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院/贵州省山地珍稀动物与经济昆虫重点实验室/贵州省山地生物资源保护与高效利用工程中心,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第7期112-123,共12页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然基金项目“喀斯特洞穴土壤节肢动物的群落结构及其对特殊环境的响应”(31760130);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养计划项目“百层次人才”[黔科合人才(2016)4020]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明土壤节肢动物对喀斯特地区不同土地利用类型的响应,为城市土地规划利用及退化生态系统的恢复提供科学资料。【方法】2020年7—8月采用手捡法和干漏斗法对贵阳市南明区公路、校园绿地、农田和森林4种土地利用类型的土壤节肢动物进行调查,再采用重复测量方差分析结合主成分分析(PCA)检验土地利用类型和采样时间及其交互作用对土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响。【结果】从调查区获得土壤节肢动物1223头,隶属10纲28目114科。优势类群为杆棱甲螨科(Mochlozetidae)和等节跳科(Isotomidae),分别占总密度的24.19%和13.42%。7月和8月公路的土壤节肢动物类群数(4.07个和4.33个)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(1.14和1.21)显著低于森林(7.80个和6.27个,1.76和1.60),但密度(4561.02 ind/m^(2)和7411.41 ind/m^(2))与森林(7233.21 ind/m^(2)和8025.58 ind/m^(2))无显著差异;校园绿地、农田的类群数(5.67个、5.80个和6.73个、4.40个)、密度(10508.55 ind/m^(2)、5810.75 ind/m^(2)和5072.45 ind/m^(2)、8800.87 ind/m^(2))和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(1.43、1.43和1.78、1.22)与森林无显著差异。森林与农田、公路的土壤节肢动物优势类群物种组成差异明显,公路、校园绿地和农田土壤节肢动物常见类群和稀有类群组成与森林明显不同。【结论】农业耕作能明显改变土壤节肢动物群落组成,而交通活动不仅能改变群落组成,还能显著降低土壤节肢动物多样性。【Objective】The response of soil arthropod to change of different land use types in karst region was explored to provide scientific data for urban land planning and utilization,and restoration of the degraded ecosystem.【Method】Soil arthropod status under four land use patterns of road,campus green land,farmland and forest in Nanming District,Guiyang was investigated by the hand-sorting and Berlese-Tullgrenl funnel method in July and August,2020.The effect of land use type,sampling time and their interaction on the structure of soil arthropod community was analyzed by the repeated measurement ANOVA combined with principle component analysis(PCA).【Result】Total 1223 individuals were collected and classified into 114 families,28 orders and 10 classes.The dominant groups were Mochlozetidae and Isotomidae.Mochlozetidae and Isotomidae accounted for 24.19%and 13.42%of total density respectively.The group number and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of soil arthropod in road plot in July and August were 4.07 and 4.33,and 1.14 and 1.21,significantly lower than in forest plot(7.80 and 6.27,and 1.76 and 1.60)respectively but there was no significant difference in the arthropod density between road plot(4561.02 ind/m^(2)and 7411.41 ind/m^(2))and forest plot(7233.21 ind/m^(2)and 8025.58 ind/m^(2)).The group number,density and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of soil arthropod in campus green land and farmland plot were no significant differences compared with soil arthropod in forest plot.There was an obvious difference in species composition of soil arthropod dominant groups between forest plot,and farmland or road plot.There was an obvious difference in the composition of soil arthropod common groups and rare group among road plot,campus green land and farmland.【Conclusion】The agricultural cultivation could change the composition of soil arthropod community obviously.The traffic activity not only changed the composition of soil arthropod community but also significantly reduced the diversity of soil arthropod.

关 键 词：土壤节肢动物 土地利用类型 多样性 城市生态系统 喀斯特地区 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学] Q958[农业科学—农业基础科学]